The School of Athens by Raphael Essay Example for Free

The School of Athens by Raphael EssayThe School of Athens by Raphael is a complex painting with a fascinating composition. The subjects, expression, composition and his use of food coloring make it a compelling piece. This painting is extremely decorative and complex. With various tools, Raphael was satisfactory to emphasize different aspects and pull the viewer into the work. Because of the colors used in the painting, and the setting, this painting seems to be of religious or educated figures.This painting has many subjects, just about of which appear to be male. Knowing that most renaissance paintings have both genders, one would conclude that there argon a few females. All of the subjects be wearing colorful, flowing robes. The fact that they have colorful clothing on symbolizes a high rank. This rank is either of the church or of land. The highly crafted building the subjects are in leads the viewer to think that the rank is from the church or education. In the shopp ing centre, the subjects are surrounding two men. Everyone seems to be listening to the men.The men in the bottom left are reading or writing, what could be the autochthonic mens words. The ones in the bottom right are surrounding a board on the floor and could be discussing the words of the men. With all of the conversing going on, and the layout of the people, one would assume that this is a lecture setting. This story is going on in a large, ornate, arched-ceiling building.This building is painted from top to bottom. The main arch in the front has a very geometric pattern on it but the column connecting it to the ground is flowery. in that respect is cash on the ceiling, on the decorative pieces between each painting. The top-left corner has a large rock painted on a thornground of gold. there is a person standing behind it but the edge of the painting cuts it off at the waist. Under the large rock painting, there is a small gold tree on a blue background. These two colors are the epitome or wealth because they are the most costly to buy.In the top right corner, again cut off by the border of the painting, there is a group or what appear to be women. They are pore around some type of animal in the middle. Below this is the same tree as the opposite side. The filling between the two large paintings and the smaller trees is all triangular. It has an ornate pattern in blue and gold, just like the trees. In the bottom left-hand corner, there is a framed square, which looks like it is a mirror. The way there is woodin it but no other bare wood anywhere in the picture makes it seem to be a reflection.Behind the large arch in the front, there is a hallway type of structure. It has a statue on each side with smaller carved scenes infra them. The hallway, which opens up to a ceiling-less patio has statues, similar to the ones on the wall. The archways have geometric carved patterns covering the ceilings. impertinent the foreground arch, the background ones are clean jewel there is no paint or gold on them. As the arches become smaller and the sky becomes larger, the pure blue sky with fluffy white clouds begins to show. This painting is very realistic, because of the detail of ornamental pieces and because of the accuracy of the structure.The perspective is precise larger things are in the foreground and smaller things are in the background. Unlike earlier paintings, the building looks like you could walk through it. The scale of the subjects is also very accurate. Some earlier works had the most important characters larger and in the middle. The values, which differ in the arches, show depth. The arches are darker on the underside and on the right walls, to show a direction of light from the right. The people on the sides are not exact copies but the fact that they are on both sides makes the painting approximately symmetrical. The evenness of the arches also emphasizes the symmetrical characteristic. The composition of the image is make interesting by the complexity of the people. The empty building without the individuals in it would be an architectural study.The colors in this painting pull the viewer in. The use of gold in modesty, compared to many other paintings, makes the whole painting brighten. The colors on the robes are impressive. The subjects closer to the two in the middle have more primary and secondary colored gowns while the perimeter has primarily tertiary colored clothing. This may have to do with class or emphasis. As concluded earlier, the middle subjects are significant so to make them stand out, the robes are more vibrant. The archway in the front is much more decorative and frames the subjects underneath. With the arches in the back being less showy, the foreground with the people stands out more.In conclusion, this painting has many facets and details, which could go unnoticed. Raphael stressed certain parts by using color and framing. The context leads one to believe that the subjec ts are knowledgeable. With the color, composition and subjects combined, this painting is a significant piece. The School of Athens is an elaborate painting with a multifaceted story.

Gender, Authority and Dissent in English Mystical Writers Essay Example for Free

Gender, Authority and Dissent in side Mystical Writers EssayThe take for of Margery Kempe certainly elicit an intense amount of controversy, non least in the present but in her confess time as well a debate that centred on her position as a mystic. This position entailed having true knowledge of God, to work towards a union with him where they would essentially become unity. Margery Kempe, at the precise least views herself to be one of Gods vessels through which He foundation allow her to experience sacred resourcefulnesss and feelings. It is in her book that Kempe conveys through words what she considered to be the most significant of these experiences, in order that those who read them would derive great comfort and solace. It is Kempes respective(prenominal) and brilliant adaptation of what was originally a discipline for cloistered elites1 that draws attention to her. Yet it is this individual voice, the style she uses, and her firm relationship with the market wo rld that questions her experiences of higher contemplation.Certainly Kempe does not conform to the solitary life of a conventional mystic, oftentimes analogous Richard Rolles statement of running off into the woods, and at one point she is therefore far sorrowful and grieving because she has no company. Yet she uses many of her interactions with others to confirm her position as a mystic. She visits the revered mystic Julian of Norwich to seek advice as to whether her visions were genuine or not (Chapter 18), and receives confirmation from Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury.Essentially what it has been suggested that Kempe experiences is a higher military issue of contemplation positive mysticism. This was the search for God through human imagery, which insists on the physical as a legitimate means of access to the spiritual.2 Certainly one of the standard patterns in mystical experience were the feelings of love between the mystic and God which is often described as p ut up, hence Rolles Incendium Amoris. Kempe notes that there was an unquenchable fire of love which burnt full sore in her soul, and that Christ had set her soul all on fire with love. Thus the intensity of her visions can not be brought into question as she certainly shargons with the tradition a mystical sense of God at work in human experiences.3These human experiences included her protest body, as she suffers illness and indulgences in self-mutilation, wearing a haircloth, fasting and until now biting her hand so violently that she has to be tied down. However, the visions that Kempe experiences, as mystics viewed them as gifts, are not a product of studious praying and meditating. In most ways what she conveys is an imitation of what many female European mystics experienced, like Bridget of Sweden and Dorothy of Montou or Catherine of Siena. She seeks exculpation for her mystical standing by linking herself closely to others and, though illiterate receives much of her inspir ation from such mystical texts as Incendium Amoris, Stimulus Amoris, and Walter Hiltons Scale of Perfection. However, as Glasscoe has pointed out, her spiritual experiences were not an easy thing for Kempe to meditate on. Whereas Hilton focused on inner spiritual growth, Kempe can scarce explain her transcendence through what was familiar to her the body.4 She even says that roundtimes, what she understood physically was to be understood spiritually. Thus, whereas her visions may at many points seem extreme and even distasteful it does not necessarily mean that she was experiencing anything slight than what is considered mystical.What also inspires Kempe, whilst also influenceing into question her status as a mystic is the fact that she was a woman who was firmly placed in the world. David Aers describes her as an independent businesswoman, who before her initial vision was active in the market economy, investing money, organising public work and employing men.5 Mysticism was screeningly contemplative, and there was not much spoke about the active life, with the exception of Walter Hiltons positive description of the mixed life. However instead of accepting that she is too busy with worldly occupations that must be attended to6, like Hilton proposed, Kempe integrates the economic world into her mysticism. Shelia Delany proposed that in her work one is constantly aware of the cash nexus.7 This is true in the sense that Kempe even strikes a deal with Jesus, in the sense that he becomes the mediator between Kempes social responsibilities as a wife and her desire to lead the spiritual life. through Christs help she can lead the chaste life by buying off her husband, hence paying off all his debts (Chapter 11. p.60). Atkinson, commented that what Kempe creates is a God, who controlled the economy of salvation, and functioned as a great banker of a merchant prince.8 Also Kempes drive for more is also indicative of her market drive values, in the same sense t hat she sees that by giving charity to her fellow Christians she will receive in heaven double reward.This unusual market compulsive line of thought is not the only factor that distinguishes her from her predecessors. Her style of writing is different and her visions are certainly unique. She actively takes part in many of the experiences, using speech, as Carol Coulson has suggested to inject herself into the saintly narrative,9 even at one point acting as the handmaiden to God, and as a replacement to the biblical figure Mary Magdalene. Her first vision is also very personal, and in some ways domesticated. Jesus is said to have appeared in the likeness of a manclad in a mantle of imperial silk, sitting upon her bedside. The Incarnation is taken to the extreme, where her visions sometimes sit outside the historical moments of the Bible and become part of her own world.Despite distancing herself by calling herself the animal throughout the text many have accused her work of be ing self-absorbed I have told you before that you are a singular sports fan of God, and therefore you shall have a singular love in heaven, a singular reward and a singular honour. Certainly her relations with God are very personal, and in many ways conveyed in sexual terms, as when Christ says to her Daughter, you greatly desire to see me, and you may boldly, when you are in bed, take me to you as your wedded husband. However, over again this great pomp and pride, is said to emerge from her experience as a female deep down an urban class which fostered within her a strong sense of class identity and self-value.10 A self-value that she never really agrees to give up, thus because she refuses to traditionally quieten the self, Kempe does not sit considerably as a mystic.Similarly she never really abandons her desire for worldly goods. She even admits in the first chapters that after her initial vision she refused to give up her worldly leisures, and still took delight in earthly things. This earthiness continues throughout the book. At one point she explains that she was embarrassed because she was not dressed as she would have wish to have been for lack of money, and wishing to go about unrecognised until she could arrange a loan she held a handkerchief in front of her face.This embarrassment does not hold well with the lower stage of mysticism in which the visionary is to dispel themselves of all earthly matters so that their soul is open to heaven. Her mysticism is driven to accumulate. She refuses to be content with the goods that God has sent her, whilst ever desiring more and more. From God she can attain spiritual status, whilst through her (fathers) social position she maintains earthly standing, thus she is caught between two (masculine) worlds. As David Aers has noted the market world never really receives rebuke in her mystical world, in fact it remains a natural part of it.11 Yet to see her as the victim of a capitalist society is, as Glasscoe maintains, to switch off her avowed purpose.12Yet it is hard to ignore the element of hysteria in her work. She certainly experiences the traditional mystical dilemma that her visions will never be truly conveyed to those who stand outside it, that herself could never dictate the grace that she felt, it was so heavenly, so high above her reason and her bodily witsthat she might never express it within her world like she felt it in her soul. However her Gift of Tears, in which she cries abundantly and violently, break quite brutally this silence of contemplation. It may be however that her loud screams and cries convey her devotion and liberate her higher state.Certainly tradition showed that mystics thought of themselves as vehicles for suffering and their broken voices and lacerated bodies reflected the stress under which they laboured.13 Her crying brought attention to her being, even in her own time when crowds flocked to see her, becoming somewhat of a spectacle. These tears are almost a sign of her fertility in her contemplative life, and also reassert in the Bible Psalm cxxvi, 5-6 says that they that sow in tears shall reap in joy. He that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall doubtless come again with rejoicing Her tears therefore, although extreme and lead many throughout her work to rebuke her, are essentially a sign of grace demonstrating that the Incarnation for Kempe was an ever-present reality.14Ursula Peters suggested that female mystics, through mysticism turned inward and discovered ways to describe their own experiences.15 In fact the role Kempe plays as a woman is very important to her whole mystical experience, and in some ways may even bring it into question. In her experiences with God she plays the wife, the mother, the sister and the daughter. When her husbands exclaims that she is no good wife it again demonstrates that Kempe struggled between two worlds, that of the spiritual and that of her family commitments. St Bernard once proclaimed that natural human feeling doesnt have to be suppressed but channelled into God, and in some ways this is exactly what Kempe achieves. By using the idea that she is a holy vessel she is able to assert herself as a woman in the highly competitive world quite drastically. She refuses to abandon her personality and quite forcefully, hence her adamant desire to be chaste, asserts who she is. The Church even attempted to denounce her as a Lollard, which shows that she was a threatening (female) voice and the only way to quieten her was to denounce her as a heretic.Rather than being a mystical treatise, The Book of Margery Kempe is a narrative account, almost a story, or even an autobiography as many have stated it to be, in which she attempts to adopt the contemplative saint of piety.16 In fact it is more than mysticism, it is the experiences of a woman trying to find her voice in a masculine social world, and the only way that she can achieve this is through hav ing spiritual authority. Certainly her devotion can not be questioned, and she cant even predict herself when the intensity of Christs Passion will overwhelm her, be it sometime in the church, sometime in the street, sometime in the chamber, sometime in the field.Yet her extreme metaphors and use of language certainly bring into doubt her status as a mystic. As Susan Dickman has suggested prayers and visions certainly occupy the text, yet they are embedded in a larger structure17, namely how she was sorely drawn and steered, her pilgrimage acting as a metaphor for her mystical journey to enter the way of perfection. Certainly painfully is an apt description, leading many to notice her as a charlatan, a terrible hysteric and even one who was possessed by the devil. Yet this account is from a very independent and highly spirited woman, who although struggled with her identity and sought the higher state to explore that larger structure of herself through God, was deeply devoted to h er faith. In the end her piety was very ordinary, it is her style of conveyance however, the lack of the abstract vocabulary of Julian of Norwich, Rolle and the Cloud author18 that brings her status as a mystic into controversy.BibliographyAers, David., Community Gender and Individual individualism in English Writing, 1360-1430 (London, 1988)Bancroft, A., The Luminous Vision Six gallant Mystics and their Teachings (London, 1982).Evans, Ruth and Johnson, Lesley (eds.)., womens rightist Readings in heart and soul English Literature The Wife of Bath and wholly Her Sect (London, 1994)Klapisch-Zuber, C (ed.)., Silences of the warmness-Ages (London 1992),447Glasscoe, Marion (ed.)., The Medieval Mystical Tradition (Exeter, 1980)http//www.anamchara.com/mystics/kempe.htmhttp//www.ccel.org/h/hilton/ladder/ladder-PART_I.htmlhttp//www.sterling.holycross.edu/departments/visarts/projects/kempe/index.htmlKnowles, D., The English Mystical Tradition London (London, 1961)Meale, Carol. M., (ed.) ., Women and Literature in Britain 1150-1500 (Cambridge, 1993)1 C. Klapisch-Zuber, Silences of the Middle Ages (London 1992),1602 J.Long., Mysticism and hysteria the histories of Margery Kempe and Anna O, in Feminist Readings in Middle English Literature, ed. R.Evans et al. (London, 1994),1003 M. Glasscoe, English Medieval Mystics Games of Faith (London, 1993),268.4 M. Glasscoe, English Medieval Mystics Games of Faith (London, 1993), 268.5 D. Aers, Community, Gender and Individual Identity English Writing 1360-1430 (London,1988), 112.6 http//www.ccel.org/h/hilton/ladder/ladder-PART_I.html7 J.Long., Mysticism and hysteria the histories of Margery Kempe and Anna O, in Feminist Readings in Middle English Literature, ed. R.Evans et al. (London, 1994), 87-1118 D. Aers, Community, Gender and Individual Identity English Writing 1360-1430 (London, 1988),1069 http//www.anamchara.com/mystics/kempe.html10 D. Aers, Community, Gender and Individual Identity English Writing 1360-1430 (London, 1988),115.11 Ibid.12 M. Glasscoe, English Medieval Mystics Games of Faith (London, 1993), 275.13 C. Klapisch-Zuber, Silences of the Middle Ages (London 1992),44614 M. Glasscoe, English Medieval Mystics Games of Faith (London, 1993), 276.15 C. Klapisch-Zuber, Silences of the Middle Ages (London 1992),44716 http//www.anamchara.com/mystics/kempe.htm17 S. Dickman., Margery Kempe and The English Devotional Tradition, in The Medieval Mystical Tradition, ed. M. Glasscoe (Exeter, 1980), 156-17218 M. Glasscoe, English Medieval Mystics Games of Faith (London, 1993), 272.

Planning System in Germany

Planning System in GermanyA Brief Overview of the Planning System in GermanyThe federalist principle of the German state is divided between the Federation and the federal states. The federal states have their own state authoritys laws. This fact temperamentizes Germany as a decentralized state.The federalist structure contains lead central levels which are the Federation, the federal states and the municipalities. They each have their own regulations unless they are closely linked.At the federal level is the Ministry for Transport, Building and Housing, responsible for spacial preparation. At present the predominant departmental assignment model is an independent ministry for training and environment. Raumordnung is a term provides a classic model of the combined plan of land uses, preservation of heritage.The supply law in the Federal Republic of Germany consists of the Law of Raumordnung and of the Public Building Law. The outstanding feature of the decentralised German plann ing system is the fact that the Federation itself has no comprehensive and legal binding spatial planning instrument. So Germany has no national plan at its disposal, but in its place the established by the Federation principles of the Raumordnung which are the fundamental guidelines for the whole spatial planning and spatial policy in Germany.Legal planning instruments are reserved for the federal states. Only the federal states are obliged to draw up comprehensive plans and to determine objectives of the Raumordnung which are binding for all underling planning political science (municipalities and sectoral planning authorities).On the level of the Raumordnung und Landesplanung there is no public participation up to now. The procedure for giving the Raumordnungsplaene a binding character is legally the most important act, and it serves to make the objectives of the Raumordnung binding for public planning authorities. This is achieved by means of passing of laws decisions taken by the governments of the federal states official commendation/declaration of binding effects/approval by the planning authorities of the federal states.The comprehensive plans of the federal states (Raumordnungsplaene) and their regions (Regionalplaene) are legally binding for all authorities of the Federation, the federal states and the municipalities. This refers to the real contents of these plans, the objectives of the Raumordnung, which have to be observed by public planning authorities in all spatially significant planning procedures and measures.As a general rule of the German planning law, the undeveloped outlying areas should not be built on with the exception of privileged developments (e.g. developments share agricultural activities, specific public infrastructure projects). Those projects must be permitted in rural areas (without a legally binding land-use plan) in compliance with the FBC if public interests do not oppose and ample public infrastructure provision can be guaranteed. Other development projects may be permitted in compliance with the FBC as exceptional cases, provided that their execution and use do not conflict with any public interests and public infrastructure provision can be guaranteed.

DELL Company Anlaysis

dell phoner Anlaysisdell Computers overhear been the leaders in computing machine world for more than two decades. dingle has been empowering countries, communities, clients and people everywhere to use technology to realize their dreams and possiblities. Since the first dingle PC was introduced in 1986, Dell has continued to shape the persistence by breaking novel ground and pioneering critical developments in home, small descent and enterprise computing. The Dell business connects with more than 5.4 billion customers every day with earnings of $14.9 billion comprising a net profit of $584 million. Dells ceaseless research and development (RD) have proven efforts to reach the globe, which is driven by both(prenominal) of the industrys first product designers and engineers. The core of Dell computers is al musical modes been in debut approach with a commitment to deliver recent and better solutions and technologies that fulfils and meets demands and customer of necessit y.They accept Partnerships with varied industry such as software, hardware and component suppliers and by generating a uniquely broad perspective on the computing world and the accessories. Dell believes in innovations which begin in-house supported by global team of jacket cr feature engineers, product designers and technical experts. Along with a team effort with Dells strategic partners to formulate and weapon the different strategies. Their mission is to deliver innovative and cost-effective solutions that meet todays customer requirements and innovative work seamlessly is carried out in existing environments and their products.Dell is uniquely positioned into the grocery which has a strong impact of and on the industry trends. They book strong internal and in-house development capabilities. They have a schema to be partners, rather than to compete, with top technology suppliers and manufacturers. They enable industry standards and technologies through with(predicate) ind ustry groups and strategic partners. In such a way Dell innovates and delivers value and needs of customers.Customer needs analysis for Intercontinental Hotel GroupThe IHG brand itself owns or services more than 4,000 hotels and besides has approximate of $1bn fund to support owners who purchase a franchise from IHG. IHG doesnt own many hotels out amend as it had and has a wide focus on franchising. IHG provides the guts-up for others as they have an amazing network to bind up with global brands. The IHG Company specialises in mid-scale hotels, along with the Park Lane InterContinental which is a high class with a suite complete with cinema available for 4,000-a-night. Both business and leisure customers are vital to the success of the group and the former is starting to pick up. The IHG brand has a varied brands of hotels from INTERCONTINENTAL as business class, pass INN as resort and inns, STAYBRIDGE suites as leisure hotels which fulfils the needs of having a varied variety of customers for the business varying from leisure travellers to business class personnel.So does the IHG offer a varied variety of brands to the customer ranging from 7 brands offering varied class of service to meet the needs of customers having a pioneering strategy to accomplish pioneering position in the competitive market the basic design of IHG by franchising the brands in different sectors provides a variety for different customers and fulfil their needs merged Strategy for INTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL GROUPBeing a service oriented and pioneering company the major(ip) bodied strategies mess be listesd as followsan continuous chair stock of the clients culture, image and communications strategyan analysis of the existing use of resources, and research into only opportunitiesthe development of an awareness with the client of the potential higher value through promotional strategiesthe provision of a brief overview for positioning, developed in the homogeneous way as a logo and design system for a same value as of a corporate identityTo create a collaborative decision-making process to agree on effectiveness of channels and methods for reaching pose audiences through the creation of new identity within a consistent customer satisfactionCompetitive priorities of IHGManaging complexity and speeding developmentDelivering quality and at fast paceManaging technological changes in Hospitality sectorRight tools and right people to be targetedTransformation of operating processesBuilding up a customer centric positionWith the above competitive priorities IHG should focus on being customer centric as to fill in up with the increasing contention in the current cordial reception industry which is a beginning step towards the quality focusingCustomer needs analysis for dell ComputersThe Dell computers have a focus on customer centric market. The Dell computers have very strong market varying of customers from home users to the official market to the corporate cli entele. The each and every sector has a varied demand and need for their requirements. Dell is the first major computer manufacturer to ban the export of nonworking electronics to growing countries as part of our global electronics disposal policy framinging up a good brand image within the market. They offer the customers to choose to do business with more than 60,000 partners registered with Dell and certified to operate as our agents. Thus having a customer centric market focuses on the consumer needs. Dell computers believe in continuous innovation which is one of more key factors as their being constant changes in the technology and advancements in day to day life on that point is increase in needs of different customers which is satisfied the current operating procedures of the companyCorporate strategies of Dell Computers Following up with Corporate ResponsibilityCon fountring the competitor in the market along with the others computer companies the few corporate strategi es of DellInspire innovation and innovate our team members to live company purposes As inveterate dell computers have been promoting innovation since long time so as to promote the technical as well up as support team and cope up with increasing needs of customers with advancements in technologyContinue attaining up trust through the positive and meaningful differences the company is making on the communities and the planet The commitment of Dell computers have been constantly creating a difference in technology and innovating the technologyRecognize where they can make the most measurable impact and align the commitments To recognize by the sensitive evaluation of the customers as being a customer centric strategic organization and measure the impacts would be occurring on the commitments to the specific market segment.Develop measures for reporting the progress and media to communicate that progressThe motive would be to evaluate the performance and make evaluations at well-t imed(a) basis and to communicate the results to compare with the expected goals to be achievedCompetitive Priorities of Dell ComputersFocusing on best available solution instead of just counsel on technologyHaving a alternative focus the available solutions to the improvement of technology instead of also just having a focus on innovationTeaching and promoting innovative thinkingPromoting in-house innovations instead of hiring and having a partnering with the technical consultantsGetting feedback from customers and suppliersGetting feedbacks from the customers should be of mere importance as being a customer centric focus it testament help in making continuous improvements and meeting the requirementsSupply Chain management of IHGThe InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG) outsources its management of allow chain and has signed a new five year contract with Supply Chain Management, (SCM, LLC) to manage the supply chain function at and of IHG. SCM, LLCs responsibilities will include N orth America, Central America, South America and the Caribbean. With supplying and get a lineing over the work process of the inter brands as well as on supply chain of specific brandSCM.LLC manages the supply chain function for twain IHGs corporate and owned/managed / franchised by hotel group, including the major process of sourcing, negotiating, contracting and interfacing with suppliers to maintain cost and quality control. In addition, SCM will manage the relationship with IHGs procurement service company. SCM also helps IHG with staff serving the account will be housed on-the-spot(prenominal) at IHG offices in the major locations of the brand. Enhancing relations with the suppliers and standardizing products and services by by-line an efficient supply chain. SCM provides strategic solutions for expense management that enable clients to achieve maximum and sustainable savings through a variety of customized services. These services include cost management, fall out analys is, process re-engineering, demand management, sourcing of products and services, negotiation, contract development and administration, and staff training. This outsourcing helps IHG to look onto the performance and evaluate it and thus follow up with the changes to be made.Constraint Management of INTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL GROUPFollowing with the few constraints from the SCM (Supply Chain Management) review. IHG (InterContinental Hotels Group) has launched a new Price optimisation module globally that integrates local market demand forecasting, publicly available competitive data analysis and price and revenue management system and helps IHGs hotels determine the best daily price. While traditional revenue management systems select rates based on demand predictions,IHGs Price Optimization module has a price sensitive modeling process that allows the system to continuously balance rates, occupancy and guest pricing preferences in a way that increases revenue opportunities regardless o f demand. It makes easier for the large group of hotels to make competitive pricing decisions IHG hotels with brands that include Holiday Inn and Holiday Inn Express which ranges from low compute hotels to hi class leisure and luxury brands which makes it important to be concerned with financing of the brands. Thus seeing positive results following the system generated price and balance the revenues.The Price Optimization module is a proprietary system that was developed as there had been lot of leverage be wasted up with the brands. tip off Systems followed by INTERCOTINENTAL HOTEL GROUPAfter the 9/11 attack there has been a considerable and resulting downturn in the hotel and hospitality business, IHG needed to cut costs significantly to stay competitive. There had been a cut down of around $100M from the Americas Region operating budget. Then IHG turned managed services consultants, to help squinch their spend on Helpdesk, Deskside and Server Support services by 33% (or $1.2M ) and understand why end-user satisfaction was low and make improvements in the service with budget planning.The systems were alter and a formulation of IT servers was lead on to cut down the costs looked at the IT challenges being faced by IHG, it seemed to migrate as many of the Desk side service calls as possible to the Helpdesk. It was to make process improvements without disrupting a live IT service and further degrading already low levels of services.Lean and Six Sigma were utilise to the present procedures which allowed quantifying obvious areas for improvement and also uncovering substantial opportunities to make changes with. For example, discovering the cost savings that eliminate redundancy between service providers would bring a change in overall change in system thus saving costs and to achieve the $1.2M in savings. The following lean procedures were allowedTo reduce the fairish problem fixing times and to improve customer satisfactionSolve more problems at the Helpd esk instead of on-site DesksideUpdated and standardized operating systems to reduce complications with the data availablityMoving of account administration off-site so it will be easy for managing and storing informationEliminate the vendor duplication for an effort to further reduce costsSupply Chain for dell ComputersThe Dell Computer Corporation a leading manoeuvre computer systems company. Dell sells its computer systems this instant to end customers, bypassing distributors and retailers (resellers). Dells supply chain consists of only three stages. The suppliers from whom they gain basic resources, the manufacturer (Dell) at which innovation is converted to technology, and end users.Dell has developed direct contact with customers which allows it toProperly identify market segments,Analyze the requirements and profitability of each segment, andDevelop more accurate demand forecasts.Dell matches supply and demand because its customers suppose computer configurations over the phone or online (Internet) where sometimes it makes use of JIT (Just In Time) process as each computer has to be configured according to needs. These computer configurations are built up from components that are available. Dells strategy is to provide customised, low cost, and quality computers that are delivered on time to make the customer feel cared for and cute for time and money. Dell successfully implemented this strategy through its efficient manufacturing operations, better supply chain management and direct sales model. Dell takes orders instanter from its customers either on phone or online. Thus, Dell reduces the cost of intermediaries and agents that would otherwise add up to the total cost of PC for the customer as well be problematic at times with misunderstanding and breaking down image of DELL. Dell also saves time on processing orders that other companies commonly incur in their sales and distribution system. Moreover, by directly dealing with the customer Dell gets a clearer indication of market trends. This helps Dell to plan for hereafter besides better managing its supply chain and also pull throughs a track with trends and surveys the customer needs in specific market. This also helps dell to get a targeted sector for the next innovative product.One more advantage for Dell is it gets by directy dealing with the customer is that it is able to get the customers requirements regarding software to be loaded. Dell loads the ordered software in its plant itself before dispatching it. By eliminating the need of a PC support engineer to load software, the customers gain both in time and cost. They can use the PCs the moment they arrive. Just by a click and no need of any separate installations are to be made with the same thus cutting down the costs of engineers for installation.Constraint Management of DELL ComputersThe Dell computers being innovative and efficient with the systems have to some internal constraints which can be managed sp eckle applying New single-system backup solution which combines world-class hardware and software to help customers store, protect and archive data and also Dell and Symantec collaborate to make reduplication technology accessible so customers can improve efficiency and optimize storage investments and dell could provw with the best.In consent with innovating on working on customer needs there has to been management on constraints.To help small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) more effectively respond to the challenge of expeditiously storing, managing and protecting increasing amounts of business-critical data, Dell is introducing the PowerVault DL2100 Powered by Symantec Backup Exec 2010, a disk-based backup and recovery solution with available reduplication technology in a single server. With this integrated end-to-end solution, customers can easily deploy and manage backup and recovery tasks, and reduce backup costs compared to tape-based solutions. Which will be a innovative solution for managing the data efficiently and in organised way rather then having large servers being operated continuously incurring costs and adding up to the maintenance costsLean systems for Dell ComputersDell follows to run a lean operation. Dell factory we wont get to see raw materials, turn out those on the toil line so as we use Just In Time procedure follow-ups. There are no products, as we build to order. So it is a pull system, rather than a entreat system where you build to forecasts and it so often goes wrong. Often there is no much push strategy used in dell computers manufacturing systems avoiding wastes and layoffs.The other characteristic of the Dell business model is the attention to detail, and the belief in continuous improvement and continuous innovation. Dells manufacturing techniques are a margin ahead of its competitors. To keep pressing ahead to keep Dell Computer at the forefront of production methods would be the strategy to be the pioneers of the com puter worldThere have been number of touches and a computer needs you can cut the number of people you need to build it. But the number of touches also directly relates to the number of failures in the field as it generally possesses a risk of changes in technology and the current production lying back. There is a huge cost to DELL for operating technical support and dispatching a replacement part. If on a computer system they have to do a part replacement, they have to lose the profit on that PC if we have to do a dispatch. So getting it right on quality is fundamental to prove the customers being the best in the computer world.Dell has been pulling business model from such that there were the efficiencies of Dell. immediately a days Dell has been likely having the idea of outsourcing manufacturing to that of installing an ERP system. Which can cut down the manufacturing costs as the faults on hardware to be replaced back with the manufacturer just instead of producing and facing losses on the failure or breakdown of any hardwareComparative variations in Operating systems of IHG and DELL ComputersComparing a Brand from a hospitality sector such as Intercontinental Hotel Group holding 7 major brands in hospitality and service sector having a pioneering strategy achieving varied variety for the customers with choices from business class to leisure and resorts to a customer concentric computer company of DELL Computers which being customer oriented IT sectorINTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL GROUP (IHG Plc)IHG group has been the pioneers in the hospitality industry with more then 4400 hotels owned and franchised with 7 major brands providing a variation in meeting the requirements of the customers with varied profile and targeting different sectors. They have a plan of expanding to more of 35 properties in the coming three years. The operations being very franchised and linked up together. The supply chain management of in between the interbrands has been contracted with supply chain management SCM consultants to keep it organised as the franchising has to look over the all brand management state. To get summary of the supply chain and to know the defects and implement changes to the operations. The IHG group now is been targeting customers of varied sectors based on the different profiles offered by the properties to suit the customer profile. The pioneering strategy of the IHG is to continue with getting in customer oriented sector while making a change with the services offered. It also offers a loyalty points for the frequent customers and the loyalty card members which would create an assured clientele for the IHG group.DELLDell has been consumer concentric and also keeping its inventory at a bare minimum. DELL recognises that the it cannot concentrate on just cost alone as it has been following a strategies to directly being in contact with the consumers. It has to differentiate and it has taken the steps to do just that. As the software servi ces it is set to take off in the coming future along with Symantec to develop backup softwares. DELL has laid the foundation to offer the Softwares it has to build on multiple platforms. DELL intends to make available on both DELL and non-DELL systems offering customers the kind of customised support as it has done with its computer systems of hardwares and being with the support from the Microsoft system softwares. The rationalness being that there are too many complexities involved in the synchronizing the softwares with the various sectors in the market and would be innovating to be as google as it initially came only with search engine now linked up with varied applications. But Dell seems determined and has invested a lot in this new service. This could achieve a market share that was lost to HP. Dell will also have to branch out on the various channels it can operate from. The direct consumer interaction has been working well but may not be enough to sustain a more globalized presence in the developing countries. So it needs to expand the channels globally and also has plans to open more manufacturing factors in India, Brazil, and BRIC countries. To enable better delivery of customer service, Dell will have to coordinate with the channels for continuous and considerate supply.

Counterculture Analysis: The Manson Family

Counter nicety Analysis The Manson FamilySarah BlonarowyczIn a world full of different continents, countries, and beyond, there argon a colossal variety of different societies, and indoors those societies, different agricultures. While there is a general culture set by the majority of society, there are everywherely branches of other cultures with their own set of values and norms. Some are simply referred to as subcultures, and others are referred to as countercultures. A counterculture refers to a group of people within a society that creates new(a) norms outside the general culture that clear up coexisting difficult between the larger and sm onlyer cultures (Sociology 39). While there are have been and continue to be countercultures living inside the culture of the majority, some countercultures have g peerless down in history for their notorious actions-countercultures like the Manson Family.The sixties were quite a change from the modest 19050s. The Beatles took the worl d by storm, and half the American population were impressionable teenagers ready to take their lives by the horns, like oppugn the validity of mainstream religious (PBS), and giving drugs like marijuana and LSD power (University of Virginia Library). Also, the rise of the civil rights movement influenced the opinions of citizens all across the country (History). All these concepts were new to the Americans, which made culture a volatile entity among society.Charles Manson, an ex-convict, saw the fluctuation in culture as an opportunity to display his ideas of utter chaos in effort of the public in attempt of gaining followers and support, to which he succeeded. Manson utilized his charisma in manipulative ways by using sex as a way to gain followers, starting with his first lover after the time he did in California State Penitentiaries, Mary Theresa Brunner. After Brunner, other women began to banding together in support of Manson, satisfying his ever desire, officially creating the group the world now knows today as the Manson Family (Virginia).The idea of this counterculture was created by Manson as a concept later coined Helter Skelter, the same name originally given to a The Beatles song. Helter Skelter was essentially the idea that the world was lingering on an impending apocalyptic lean state of war between the white people and the black people. Manson retrieved that the blacks would dominate, but would fail to maintain their dominance, which would be Manson and his familys cue to weasel their way into power after surviving the war through hiding (Virginia). Mansons theory took the norms of this time period and added an element of violence and chaos. He took this theory into his own hands and made that violence and chaos a reality.In order to induce the race war he predicted, Manson had a plan. During this time of the clashing beliefs between black people and white people over civil rights, Manson and his family committed heinous crimes against wh ite celebrities in attempt to frame black people and create more conflict between the two races (Virginia). The roughly famous cases held responsible by the Manson family were the murders of Gary Hinman, Leno and Rosemary LaBianca, and Sharon Tate.The murder of Gary Hinman was carried out primarily by the Family members Charles Tex Watson, Susan Atkins, Mary Brunner, Bobby Beausoleil, and Charles Manson himself. After a scam played by Watson chthonian the orders of Manson, Hinman allegedly owed Manson Money. When Hinman was unable to cooperate down the stairs the pressure of Beausoleil, Atkins, and Brunner, Beausoleil stabbed and killed Hinman, finishing Mansons job after slicing Hinmans ear with a sword (Crime Museum).Atkins and Watson, along with Manson, were also spy to have involvement in the murder of Leno and Rosemary LaBianca as well as other Family members, Steve Grogan, Linda Kasabian, and Patricia Krenwinkel (Crime Museum). After attending a party at their dramatics a year before their murder, Manson mercilessly killed the innocent grocery-chain owner and his wife in attempt to inflict more conflict to provoke his race war (Crime Museum). Both murders between Hinman and the LaBiancas were equally morbid, but the murder of Sharon Tate garnered the most attention.Actress Sharon Tate, pregnant with her baby, had had ex-fiance and celebrity Jay Sebring and heiress Abigail Folger and her boyfriend Voytek Polanski over as guests the night she was murdered, all of which fell victim to the Manson Familys schemes as well. The murder was carried about by Watson, Atkins, Kasabian, and Krenwinkel under Mansons instruction. After investigating this crime scene, police found drugs which initially lead them to believe the Tate case had no connection with the other murders, but eventually discovered the truth with the help of Atkins cooperation (Peacock).Sociology has coined terms in order to help people tint at a situation that involves others actions that th ey might have not otherwise understood. The sociological perspective views society in a scientific manner, which prompts people to assist beyond what they might personally believe and know in order to explain why people are the way they are (Sociology 4), which leads to the sociological imagery which conveys the idea that when having a sociological perspective, a person is able to connect personally values to the world outside of them (Sociology 5). For example, looking from the outside, the Manson Familys actions were completely inexcusable, but tuition into those actions, their beliefs reflected the pop culture of that time greatly. Mansons theory was named after a The Beatles song, who were incredibly famous at that time especially. Furthermore, like a large portion of the population, the Manson Family were under the influence of drug, which influenced their decisions and actions. The Manson Family are a counterculture not because they lived in an entirely different culture th an the rest of the American population at that time, but because they took pop culture to an entirely new level.Ethnocentrism is a concept that has its negatives and its positives, and each culture fails victim to it, including the Manson Family. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one culture is superior to all others, or culture prepossession (Sociology 35). The Manson Family had no regret for anyone else in the world but their own Family. They believed they could take over the world when it would be at its weakest. They killed people for their own gain. The Manson Family showed signs of ethnocentrism in their strongly loyalty and devotion to each other and their community, but ultimately their beliefs of superiority lead them to commit murder over and over again.Cultural relativism is used in sociology in order to eliminate bias of ones own culture. Cultural relativism states that culture should be judged independently and apart from the standards of all other cultures (Sociology 36). For example, by applying cultural relativism to this situation, one can evaluate the culture of the Manson Family by labeling them as violent, savage people that have committed horrible crimes, however, when it their own norms and values are taken into love it might not seem so out of character. People all around the world since the beginning of time have relied on religion, and they use that to make excuses for their behavior, which is generally socially acceptable. The Manson Family committed their crimes partly because they thought they were following their own beliefs. Some members of the Manson Family believed that Charles Manson was Jesus Christ, including himself (Peacock 78). When other factors that might not be so self-explanatory are taken into consideration, the actions behind the motives may be emphasized with.The Manson Family committed murder for their own selfish gain. The factors of sociological perspective, sociological imagination, ethnocentrism, and cultura l relativism can be used in every direction possible, but their actions cannot be excused. Yes, they played their values and norms in a sense like any other culture that ever lived has done, but the degree the Manson Family took it to was unhealthy and unacceptable. The Family was misguided by their infatuation for their leader and, ignorantly unbeknownst to them, his manipulative ways. Charles Manson gathered his Family in order to run for out his theory of Helter Skelter by murdering people so he could take the reign of the world. The Manson Family will remain a counterculture with its negativity toward humankind.ReferencesCrime Museum. 2017. Web. 6 display 2017.History. 2010. Web. 11 March 2017.PBS. 2005. Web. 10 March 2017.Peacock, Nancy. Great Prosecutions. The Trial of the Manson Family. Philadelphia Chelsea House Publishers, 2002. 73-81. Print.Sociology. Thomas, W. LaVerne. Cultural Diversity. Austin Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 2003. 4-36. Print.University of Virginia Libr ary. n.d. Web. 11 March 2017.Virginia. n.d. Web. 8 March 2017.

Essay --

Retributive justice is a type of justice, which believes a penalty should be both rightful and proportionate to the immoral act. This type of retribution is similar to that of the concept what goes around, comes around and is prominent is various unethical acts such as an individual committing the act murder and then going to prison. Khaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner and William Shakespeares King Lear are perfect examples of literature that integrate relatiative justice into the plot. Both literary works have characters that make similar decisionsand therefore go through similar experiences they make myopic decisions, ignore their conscience, and assay personal justice. The role of retributive justice is evident within both The Kite Runner and King Lear and becomes clear through the outcomes of Baba and Lears poor decision-making. At the beginning of the novel, Amir characterizes his father as an honest, wealthy man with strong moral values in fact, Baba spends a lot of time tryin g to claver his goodness onto Amir. An important turning point of the story for Amir is when Rahim Khan shares a horrifying truth Baba is a sinner and goes against his beliefs by lying close to Hassans birth. At first, the reader assumes that Baba keeps Hassans birth a secret so he is not frowned upon for having an affair with Alis wife. Although Baba tries to make up for his poor decision, he still experiences retributive justice by losing Hassan and Ali Then I saw Baba do something I had never seen him do before He cried Ill never forget the way Baba said that, the pain in his plea, the fear. (Hosseini 107). Baba never lets go of the fact that he loses his son I wish Hassan had been with us right away (Hosseini 133). Baba does not say anyt... ...eventually decides to try to become the preferred child by plotting his brother and father against one another. As the play progresses, Edmund eventually desires kingship and is willing to do anything to gain power, which includes usin g both sisters To both these sisters have I sworn my love/ each as jealous of the other, as the stung/ Are of the adder. Which of them shall I take? / Both? One? Or neither? / Neither can be enjoyed/ If both remain alive. (V. i. 56-59) Immediately the audience can sense that Edmund is slowly being consumed by his ambition and the chain of events that he causes through the play is to blame for his eventual death. Once again, it is unusual for death to be a trope of retributive justice however, Edmund brings death upon himself. His traitorous acts towards several of the characters- specifically Edgar- backfires, and for that he dies.

Contracts and Change Orders in a Small Business :: business, contracts, customers,

I began to use change orders in business because customers always want more than they have paid for, and the longer you work with a customer the more they feel entitled to free run. A change order takes place after an original begin has been signed by both parties, and additional work is required. A change order is most often used in construction and service trades when more work must be performed than originally agreed to, because conditions arise that were not originally known to either party. A change order does not revoke the original contract, on the contrary, it adds to the original scope of work and cost of the project. I knew a contractor who owned a motor yacht with a small dinghy attached. The dinghy was named Original Contract, and the yacht was named Change Order. I started a business named AAA Computer Repair. Unaware of what services the customers would require, an secondly rate was charged that began when I arrived at the place of service, with a minimum of one second for a service call. The charges per hour did not vary at all, for all services provided, including installing software, fixing hardware, or software training. Most service calls required less than one hour of time and customers were willing to pay for the one hour rate of service without any questions or disputes. However, I began to develop long term relationships with many of the clients, especially if they required software training. A decision was make to design a software training package, which would allow for a more manageable hourly rate and defined what was included in an eight hour training package. The more time spent with each client, the more work was acquired for their businesses, home offices, and preparing computers for college. A general contract was created for seven services provided, after speak with a lawyer to make sure the contract would be reasonedly enforceable. A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between both or more competent parties to perform or avoid performing, certain acts that they have a legal right to do and meet certain legal requirements (pg. 79). The description of the services performed the cost of the specific service, the hours involved, and a place for all parties to sign and date.