To what extent are organisations socially constructed phenomena Essay - 1

To what extent are organisations socially constructed phenomena - Essay Example To understand cultural diversity in organisations, it would be helpful to understand its roots at a sociological level. Cultural diversity at the workplace is a direct result of ‘multiculturalism’ in the society. A multicultural society simply denotes a society in which there exist several cultures (Watson, 2000). Culture is defined as, â€Å"A pattern of shared assumptions a group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way you think, perceive, and feel in relation to those problems† (Schein, 2003). So, a multicultural society has in it different groups, which have learned different ways of thinking, perceiving, and tackling problems that exist in the society. Each group taken individually is a society on its own, with its own individual culture. When all these individual societies are brought under one single cor e society, the culture of such a society becomes the core culture, with the individual cultures as its subcultures (Watson, 2002). ... A general view of cultural differences is that they affect intercultural encounters, usually by leading to misunderstanding or conflict, at both the individual and group levels (Larkey, 1996). Larkey explains that at the individual level, as different values, beliefs or worldviews are manifested in communication behaviours and as culture creates differing expectations and differing styles or patterns of speech, interpersonal misunderstanding and conflict can arise. At the group level, inter-group processes can be triggered by, for instance, an individual’s non-verbal behaviour or ways of speaking which stereotypically represent a group (1996). It then becomes the responsibility of the leadership of the core society to introduce a culture and/or change its existing core culture to accommodate the various differences brought in by the subcultures in an integrated manner, where these differences are acknowledged and valued (Lachman et al, 1994). When the above sociological aspect s of culture are compared to a business organisation, the organisation is the core society, and its culture, the core culture. We all refer to this as organisational culture. Analogically speaking, the organisational (core) culture should be designed in such a way that the employees of the company share a basic set of values and assumptions, which tie them to that particular organisation. But, on the individual or group levels, each employee has his/her own cultural norms and practices beyond those they share with other members of the company, which can be safely termed as the subcultures within the organisation (Bate, 1995). While different cultural traits offer different identities to different employees, there are usually certain traits shared by all the employees, which give them a

Beh 225 Assignment Diagnosis and Treatment Essay Example for Free

Beh 225 Assignment Diagnosis and Treatment Essay Assignment: Diagnosis and Treatment Beh 225 July 10, 2011 Assignment: Diagnosis and Treatment According to the American Psychiatric Association, there is a fifteen percent prevalence of mental disorders in the United States. Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive, is a mental disorder. Symptoms of bipolar disorder include extreme highs and extreme lows with periods of normal mood in between. Manic symptoms are being extremely active, talkative, distractible, unlimited hopes with no follow through, aggression, hostility, and violence. Depressive symptoms are feeling overwhelmed and worthless, loss of interest, insomnia, loss of concentration, and suicidal thoughts. Suicide is the 11th leading cause of death in the United States. Roughly, 29,000 people commit suicide each year. Bipolar Disorder can create marital and occupational problems as well as financial dismay. Mood disorders are thought to be caused by nature and nurture. Biological factors that may lead to a bipolar episode are chemical imbalances in the brain, hormonal imbalances, and inherited traits. Physiological factors that may lead to a bipolar episode include maladaptive cognitive distortions. The text defines this as â€Å"an illogical and maladaptive response to early negative life events that leads to feelings of incompetence and worthlessness that are reactivated whenever a new situation arises that resembles the original events. † (Morris and Maisto,2005) Studies suggest that women are two to three times more likely to have a mood disorder than men. Being diagnosed with bipolar disorder is a lifelong and reoccurring illness. There are different types of bipolar disorder. The symptoms of bipolar I are severe mood swings from manic to depressive that lasts at least seven days. Bipolar II occurs when mood swings are less manic, or hypomania, and shift back to depressive. When one’s symptoms are not determined to be either of these the disorder is called bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. These symptoms are not as fierce as the I and II characterization. Cyclothymiacs is a mild form of bipolar disorder. These milder forms of symptoms continue to shift over the course of two or more years. When a person has four or more episodes a year they are referred to as a rapid cycler. Although the onset of this disorder usually occurs in the twenties and thirties some children are also diagnosed. Children are more likely to be diagnosed early if they have two parents with the disorder. The child’s odds increase up to seventy-five percent in some cases. Many bipolar patients self medicate with drugs and alcohol. This action can trigger or prolong the symptoms. Bipolar disorder patients are at a higher risk for many diseases. These diseases include heart disease, diabetes, obesity, migraines, and thyroid disease. When one suspects they have bipolar disorder, a doctor needs to be consulted. The doctor will perform a physical examination, interview the patient, and order testing. There is no test for bipolar disorder but these tests will rule out other ailments. After reviewing all tests and lab reports a mental health evaluation will be preformed. Family history will be taken as well as interviewing the family of said patient. Bipolar patients tend to seek help in the depressive state rather than the manic state. This disorder is treated with medications and psychotherapies. Over the course of treatment, several medicines may be tested. The first choice of treatment is a mood stabilizer. The FDA approved lithium in the 70’s for treatment of mania. In 1995, the FDA in treating mania approved depakote. Recently, the FDA in treating bipolar disorder approved an anticonvulsive medication. Anti convulsive medicines are lamictal, neurontin, topomax, and trileptal. Atypical antipsychotic, or second generation, medicines are also used occasionally. These medicines are zyprexa, abilify, seroquel, risperdal, and geodon. These medications relieve sudden and severe mania symptoms. Anti depressants are used in treating the depressive side of bipolar disorder. Prozac, paxil, Zoloft, and wellbutrin are all examples of anti depressants. Mild side effects to medicines include headache, rashes, and heartburn. These side effects usually go away as one get used to taking the medicine. Serious side effects can occur, as with any medicine, such as tardive dyskinesia. This is uncontrollable muscle movement, usually around the mouth, that needs to be discussed with a doctor. In addition to medication, psychotherapy is recommended. These therapies include cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, and social rhythm therapy.

The Judicial Process and Batson Case Essay -- Jury Duty Bias Voir Dire

The Judicial Process and Batson Case Despite the efforts of lawyers and judges to eliminate racial discrimination in the courts, does racial bias play a part in today’s jury selection? Positive steps have been taken in past court cases to ensure fair and unbiased juries. Unfortunately, a popular strategy among lawyers is to incorporate racial bias without directing attention to their actions. They are taught to look for the unseen and to notice the unnoticed. The Supreme Court in its precedent setting decision on the case of Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986), is the first step to limiting racial discrimination in the court room. The process of selecting jurors begins with prospective jurors being brought into the courtroom, then separating them into smaller groups to be seated in the jury box. The judge and or attorneys ask questions with intent to determine if any juror is biased or cannot deal with the issues fairly. The question process is referred to as voir dire, a French word meaning, â€Å"to see to speak†. During voir dire, attorneys have the right to excuse a juror in peremptory challenges. Peremptory challenges are based on the potential juror admitting bias, acquaintanceship with one of the parties, personal knowledge of the facts, or the attorney believing he/she might not be impartial. In the case of Batson v. Kentucky, James Batson, a black man, was indicted for second-degree burglary and receipt of stolen goods. During the selection of the jury the prosecutor used his peremptory challenges to strike out all of the four black potential jurors, leaving an all white jury. Batson’s attorney moved to discharge the venire, the list from which jurors may be selected, on the grounds that the prosecutor’s peremptory challenges violated his client’s Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment rights to have a jury derived from a â€Å"cross-section of the community†(People v. Wheeler, 583 P.3d 748 [Calif. 1978]). The circuit court ruled in favor of the prose cutor and convicted Batson on both counts. This case went through the courts and finalized in the U.S. Supreme Court. In a 7-2 decision, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Batson. The Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment forbids the prosecutor from challenging potential jurors solely on account of their race or on the assumption that black jurors as a group will be unable to consider the state’s case ag... ...Philip (1986) â€Å"Court’s term marked by blows to race bias; justices ok affirmative action, ease challenges to discrimination in voting, pay, jury selection† Los Angeles Times, July 4: Part 1; pg 1; Column 2. Lewis, Peter (1992) â€Å"Judge Kills Bid To Study Race Bias In Jury Pools† The Seattle Times, May 30: pg A9. Marcus, Ruth (1991) â€Å"High Court Bars Race Bias In Selection of Civil Juries; Ruling Says Skin Color No Test of Impartiality† The Washington Post, June 4: pg A1. Riccardi, Michael (1998) â€Å"Dennis: Get Rid Of Challenges Without Cause† The Legal Intelligencer, Oct. 14: pg 1. Smith, William (1997) â€Å"Useful or Just Plain Unfair? The Debate Over Peremptories; Lawyers, Judges Spllit Over the Value of Jury Selection Method† The Legal Intelligencer, April 23: pg 1. Smith, William (1997) â€Å"McMahon Plays Opposite Side of Batson Fence† The Legal Intelligencer, April 9: pg 1. Stewart, David (1986) â€Å"Court rules against jury selection based on race† ABA Journal, July 1: 72 ABAJ 68. Zwillman, Blair and Albin, Barry (1999) â€Å"Legislature Sould Defeat Proposal To Reduce Peremptory Challenges† Nov. 29: pg 23. Batson v. Kentucky 476 U.S. 79 (1986). WWW.dictionary.law.com

Laboratory Equipment and Bunsen Burner

Carson Drollery Partner: Adam Lineman Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to 1. Test your lab skills for accuracy. 2. Also to know what the safety rules of lab are. 3. Lastly to be able to name and Identify la element Procedure: See lab skills lab IPPP-28. Stetsons:l . The hottest part of the flame Is the tip of the Inner blue cone of the flame 2. If your flame is to yellow orange or sotto black you have to adjust the air vent of the Bunsen burner. 3.In lab I learned how to test my skills for accuracy I know how to do this in that when weighing objects the closer you were to the actual weight the more accurate you were. In lab I also learned what the safety rules are some examples of the safety rules are safety goggles should be worn at all times, when mixing water and acid mix acid into water and always turn the burner off when it is not in use. In lab I also learned how to able and identify lab equipment some examples of lab equipment that we used in this lab were a Bunsen burner, graduated cylinder and a flint striker.In lab I was able to successfully light the Bunsen burner using a flint striker. I was also able to create an inner blue cone within the flame of the Bunsen burner. I was also able to successfully zero the balance and record the mass of the objects to the correct number of significant figures. I was also able to successfully transfer the liquids correctly as well as read the measurements of the graduated wielders and burette and find the displacement volume of the graduated cylinders.I was also able to filter the a salt and water mixture and a sand and water mixture to figure out which one was soluble and which one was insoluble. Lastly I was able to bend the glass tubing to a 90 degree angle read the temperature . 1 degrees C. Sources of error that could of occurred were not having the balance perfectly zeroed out, having an object that did not weigh what it was supposed to, or holding the glass tubing in the flame to long or too low within th e flame.

The Left Brain vs. the Right Brain

The Left Brain vs. the Right Brain: How Does This Impact Learning Over the years, schools have been teaching in the traditional way. This has proven to be successful for many students, but not all. By breaking down the brain and how each side of it processes information could make a more conducive learning environment. If both sides are maximized in the classroom, all of the students are able to excel. Which should be the goal of all schools. Before comparing the styles, knowing how the brain processes the information for different people needs to be looked at.The brain processes information by the type of information that it is. Each side of the brain will process information differently. The left side of the brain will generally process information in a linear fashion. It will take the information and put it in a line and then draw the conclusion at the end. This is a sequential type of thinking. The left brain excels at information that comes in symbols, such as math formulas. It think of things in a logical sense. It can work through a problem in the logical sequence to come to the conclusion or answer.The left brained individual does not have any issues with expressing themselves verbally. They know what they want to say, and they can say it correctly. The left brained person is grounded in the world of reality. They are able to adjust to their surroundings (Templeton, 2012). On the other hand, the right brained person is the opposite. Instead of being linear in their way of thinking, the right brained person likes to know what the result is before discussing the topic. They need to know what the â€Å"big picture† is first so that they know where they are going.The right brained individual will jump around from task to task, not doing them in a sequential order. They still complete the tasks, but they will not prioritize the tasks. Where the left brained person likes symbols, the right brained person likes to deal with things that they can touch, r eal objects. The left brain looks at things in a logical manner, the right brain does things that feel right. They will base choices off of how they feel about something. A right brained person will want to see things visually. They will make mental pictures of the things that are discussed.The right brained person may have difficulty in meeting deadlines because they want to change the things around them and are less attune to reality (Templeton, 2012). Now that the aspects of each side of the brain has been described, are we able to only function with one side of the brain? To read some of the literature that is out there on the subject, you would assume that this is what people think. If this was the case, then we would only have that side of the brain. The brain was made to work with both sides in conjunction with each other.Yet, most people will be dominate one side more than the other. Radwan (2012) list ways that a person with either side brain dominant can use the other side . For example, a person that is left brained dominant should try to refrain from using only logic to make a decision. Radwan (2012) suggest listening to music while reading. that way the right side of the brain can be active in the process. For the person that is right brained, they should try to find out as much as they can about the issue or situation. Get more details about it.They should also try using more numbers, this way the left side of the brain is working, too, according to Radwan (2012). How is the traditional way of teaching conducted? According to Novak (1998), the traditional way of teaching is where the teacher is the one with the power and responsibility, they play the role of the instructor. They teach through lectures. They will be the one that decides the curriculum and what they want the students to learn. Novak (1998) also states that the teachers are the reason that learning happens and that the students need to have the information that they are missing, give n to them.The classroom is generally set up with the desks or tables in a row with the teacher in the front of the classroom. The most important part of this process is the content and delivery of the lesson. It is believed that the student gets their knowledge through practice, which could include the note taking. This type of teaching will be competitive. (Johnson, 1991). Traditional style teaching can cause learning issues for some students. Not every person has the ability to learn this way. In a competitive arena, those that do not excel, may get left behind because they feel insignificant to the others.If they are wrong in the front of the class, they may not want to answer questions, due to the feeling of being ridiculed. This type of teaching does not take into account the creative side of the student. The student that starts to â€Å"move back into their shell†, has the potential to start to fall behind. With the traditional style, that student will have a challenge to catch up since the technique is to continue to teach, fill the student with more knowledge. Brain based teaching is a different type of teaching then the traditional way. It is geared more for the success of the student.It is broken down into three areas, before, during and after class. The before class section, which is conducted way in advance of the class, has two steps: pre-exposure and the environment. The pre-exposure has the teacher plan for those students that will need some extra help. The teacher determines how they will engage the students, making it interactive, to make them remember more of the lesson. The environment cannot always be adjusted, but when it can, the teacher will want to make the students feel safe. They will want to allow the students to sit wherever they want to.The temperature and lighting will need to be adjusted and watched to ensure it is conducive with the learning environment. (Jensen, 2005) During the class, the teacher wants to ensure that th ey engage both the mind and body. This will keep the student awake and interested in the material. The next step will be to â€Å"frame† the lesson. This step gets the student interested in the lesson. It is like a motivator for the student to learn the material. Acquisition is the next aspect that needs to be looked at. This focuses on input where the students and teacher interact and learn from each other.The teacher will want to elaborate on the topic to ensure that the learning has more detail. When the student has learned something new, time needs to be added at the end of class to reinforce the memory so that it can be recalled later. This is a very important part that is not done with traditional teaching. (Jensen, 2005) Jensen (2005) states that the after class section has two steps: â€Å"settling time and rest and review and revision. † It is believed that rather than teaching a mass amount of information, interval learning is the better way.Giving the studen ts time to allow the information to settle by giving them breaks. As time goes on, the students will start to forget the information that was taught to them. If time is set aside to review the information and revise the students knowledge, they will remember it longer. A study was conducted in Pakistan to find out which style of teaching is more productive. It was conducted in Pakistan because the only style that has ever been taught is the traditional style. Fifty students were used in the study; twenty-five were the control, traditional, and twenty-five were the experimental.All of the students were given a pre-test in physics. The scores were recorded and then they were taught in the two different styles. At the end of the study, they were given a post-test. The results showed that the students that studied under the brain based technique were able to learn and retain more compared to the students under the traditional style. (Ali, 2010) For years schools have taught using the tr aditional style of teaching. Knowing what each side of the brain processes and using that to teach students has proven to be effective.By combining the creative side with the linear side ensures that students stay interested in the material. By staying interested, they are able to learn more, and more importantly, retain more information. References Ali, R. , Hukamdad, Ghazi, S. , Shahzad, S. , & Khan, H. (2010). The Impact of Brain Based Learning on Students Academic Achievement. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research In Business, 2 (2). 542-556. Jensen, E. (2005). Teaching with the Brain in Mind. Alexandria, VA. Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development.Johnson D, Johnson R. (1991). Learning Together and Alone ed3. ;Allyn & Bacon, Sydney. Novak, J. (1998). Learning, Creating and Using Knowledge: Concept Maps as Facilitative Tools in Schools and Corporations; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc; New Jersey, pp 24-25. Radwan, M. (2012). Learn How To Use Both Side s of Your Brain (the Left and Right Hemisphere. Retrieved from: http://www. 2knowmyself. com/The_brain/learn_how_ use_both_sides_of_your_brain_left_right. Templeton, M. (2012). Learning Styles. Retrieved from: http://frank. mtsu. edu/~studskl/hd/ learn. html.

Keeping The Environment Clean Essay Example

Keeping The Environment Clean Essay Example Keeping The Environment Clean Paper Keeping The Environment Clean Paper Essay Topic: Chinatown Renewable energy There are trees,herbal plants people cant live without this environment. All of us want this environment to spend our life. So we get many things from environment. Example water,trees,erratic. Elf you clean this surroundings all of us can healthy and strong life-So we must clean our environment. But todays population are increasing. These population live with environment. So day by day,the people destroy this environment. Specially,I want to tell about the air pollution. Len our country,have many industries. So this industries throw chemicals and vessels. N this case,collect lot of reverberation air then pollute environment. So many people put garbage to the water. Some times this activity do industries. They put their garbage,chemicals to this water. We can get many information regarding this from T M and newspapers-So what happened this case pollute the water. Many time the fishes are killed. Alt will be poisonous. And also many people set fire to chance cultivating. Alt pollutes t he environment -We can see so many garbage on road sides. Villager collect the garbage and they use these garbage as their plants. So if you pollute this imprisonment Will note able to grow foods. So we will decide not to pollute the environment-I grew up in a environment where pollution, disease, and other problems are a big issue. Cars and factories release greenhouse gases into the air, and forests are being cut down. In other countries, many people are behind on cures for diseases. Many people talk about how the polar ice caps are melting and the ozone layer depleting. An Inconvenient Truth opened my eyes to see how todays technology and garbage affect these environmental disasters, and want to do something about it. Do some things to make myself more environmentally friendly. Ilk to school instead of driving because I live bout two blocks away. I also take the bus when I go downtown or my friends house. When need to get somewhere and many people are going I carpool with some friends. I recycle any cardboard boxes and milk cartons, and I reuse water bottles and fill them with filtered tap water instead of buying more water. I take short showers and I dont leave the facet o n when am brushing my teeth. At school, am constantly learning about the environment and how we are affecting it I noticed recycle and compost bins in the cafeteria and an old Asian woman picking up cans and bottles in the gym. In the A. P. Environmental Science class, I see how other third world countries are less fortunate than us and how we just dump our trash in their countries. We need to find a way to use less resources and produce less trash so other countries can improve their standard of living. During the summer of 2008, I was a intern at North East Medical Services (NEWS), which is a clinic near Chinatown. Worked as a lab technical assistant and they had strict safety regulations. I always had to wash my hands and wear latex gloves because I was transporting blood samples. My mentor told me that a clean work place reduces the chance of people spreading any diseases. He also told me that many people are ill because their houses or work places are unsanitary. A clean environment is good for everyone, but we are far from one. If we continue what we are doing, most of our natural resources would be gone and our future generations would have nothing to survive on. We should focus more on renewable energy sources like the wind, sun, and maybe even rain instead of wasting all of our fossil fuels. We also need to do more with our trash instead of burning or burying it. Hope that if apply my studies to environmental problems and coming up with a solution to them, can help make a better future for everyone.

The Origin of Wildfires and How They Are Caused

The Origin of Wildfires and How They Are Caused It is interesting to note that, of the four billion years of earths existence, conditions were not conducive for spontaneous wildfire until the last 400 million years. A naturally-occurring atmospheric fire did not have the chemical elements available until major several earth changes occurred. The earliest life forms emerged without needing oxygen (anaerobic organisms) to live about 3.5 billion years ago and lived in a carbon dioxide based atmosphere. Life forms that needed oxygen in small amounts (aerobic) came much later in the form of photosynthesizing blue-green algae and ultimately changed the earths atmospheric balance toward oxygen and away from carbon dioxide (co2). Photosynthesis increasingly dominated earths biology by initially creating and continuously increasing the earths percentage of oxygen in the air. Green plant growth then exploded and aerobic respiration became the biologic catalyst for terrestrial life. Around 600 million years ago and during the Paleozoic, conditions for natural combustion started developing with increasing speed. Wildfire Chemistry Fire needs fuel, oxygen, and heat to ignite and spread. Wherever forests grow, the fuel for forest fires is provided mainly by continued biomass production along with the resulting fuel load  of that vegetative growth. Oxygen is created in abundance by the photosynthesizing process of living green organisms so it is all around us in the air. All that is needed then is a source of heat to provide the exact chemistry combinations for a flame. When these natural combustibles (in the form of wood, leaves, brush) reach 572 º, gas in the steam given off reacts with oxygen to reach its flash point with a burst of flame. This flame then preheats surrounding fuels. In turn, other fuels heat up and the fire grows and spreads. If this spreading process is not controlled, you have a wildfire or uncontrolled forest fire. Depending on the geographic condition of the site and the vegetative fuels present, you might call these brush fires, forest fires, sage field fires, grass fires, woods fires, peat fires, bush fires, wildland fires, or veld fires. How Do Forest Fires Start? Naturally caused forest fires are usually started by dry lightning where little to no rain accompanies a stormy weather disturbance. Lightning randomly strikes the earth an average of 100 times each second or 3 billion times every year and has caused some of the most notable wildland fire disasters  in the western United States. Most lightning strikes occur in the North American southeast and southwest. Because they often occur in isolated locations with limited access, lightning fires burn more acres than human-caused starts. The average 10-year total of U.S. wildfire acres burned and caused by humans is 1.9 million acres where  2.1 million acres burned are lightning-caused. Still, human fire activity is the primary cause of wildfires, with nearly ten times the start rate of natural starts. Most of these human-caused fires are accidental, usually caused by carelessness or inattention by campers, hikers, or others traveling through wildland or by debris and garbage burners. Some are intentionally set by arsonists. Some human-caused fires are started to reduce heavy fuel buildup and used as a forest management tool. This is called a controlled or prescribed burn and used for wildfire fire fuel reduction, wildlife habitat enhancement, and debris clearing. They are not included in the above statistics and ultimately reduce wildfire numbers by reducing conditions that contribute to wildfire and forest fires. How Does Wildland Fire Spread? The three primary classes of wildland fires are surface, crown, and ground fires. Each classification  intensity depends on the quantity and types of fuels involved and their moisture content. These conditions have an effect on fire intensity and will determine how fast the fire will spread. Surface fires typically burn readily but at a low intensity and partially consume the entire fuel layer while presenting little danger to mature trees and root systems. Fuel buildup over many years will increase intensity and especially when associated with drought, can become a rapidly spreading ground fire. Regular controlled fire or prescribed burning effectively reduces the fuel buildup leading to a damaging ground fire.Crown fires generally result from intense rising ground fire heat and occur in the higher sections of draping trees. The resulting ladder effect causes hot surface or ground fires to climb the fuels into the canopy. This can increase the chance for embers to blow and branches to fall into unburned areas and increase the spread the fire.Ground fires are the most infrequent type of fire but make for very intense blazes that can potentially destroy all vegetation and organic manner, leaving only bare earth. These largest fires actually create their own winds and weat her, increasing the flow of oxygen and feeding the fire.

Why Healthcare Jobs Are On The Rise

Why Healthcare Jobs Are On The Rise The health care industry is booming and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future, offering good pay and job security. The expansion in health care jobs is due to several reasons. Those interested in pursuing a career in the healthcare field can find many opportunities for employment. The reasons for an increasing number of workers in the field is twofold. SEE ALSO:Â  Top 5 Overlooked and Rewarding Healthcare CareersIncreasing Job Opportunities in Health CareAccording to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the need for qualified health care workers in different sectors will increase by 19 percent by 2024. There are already 18.9 million individuals employed in the healthcare field, which is almost four million more than in 2005. This increase in the need for healthcare workers outpaces all other professions. Healthcare workers, as an average, also show a higher median income than other professions.America’s Aging PopulationSince the baby boomer generation started reac hing the age of 65 several years ago, the number of older Americans who require health care services has increased exponentially. In addition, life expectancies have jumped considerably. By 2050, men are expected to live to 80 and women to 86, according to Everyday Health. This increase of the number of senior citizens with longer lifespans adds to the need for health care workers across the board. In addition, as current healthcare worker retire, replacements are needed. From senior retirement homes and nursing centers to physicians, pharmacists, rehabilitation services and other workers, opportunities will expand for health care positions.More People Have Health InsuranceThe Affordable Care Act has allowed millions of persons to enroll in health insurance plans. Medicaid has also expanded in many states, allowing those previously without health insurance to be covered. Individuals can no longer be refused insurance coverage due to pre-existing conditions. This expansion lets many previously uninsured individuals seek health care treatments and adds to the need for healthcare workers.Health Care JobsAlthough all healthcare jobs are expected to grow over the years, the following jobs were chosen as some of the best jobs for growth outlook by 2022, according to a 2015 report on one website that rates jobs. These include audiologist, expected to grow by 34 percent, dental hygienist by 33 percent, dietician by 21 percent, physical therapist by 36 percent and medical records jobs by 22 percent. Other healthcare jobs are following suit in hospital, clinic and physician offices, home healthcare, nursing and assisted living situations and other areas.Healthcare jobs are growing, and it can be a good time to get into these professions for steady employment in the future. TheJobNetwork conducts job searches for you and sends listings to your email in the form of alerts, so you can choose the right job for you. All you do is fill out your qualifications and job interest s to sign up with TheJobNetwork, and you are on your way to a new job.

Choose one arid region and write a report comparing possible methods Assignment

Choose one arid region and write a report comparing possible methods of water provision to the area - Assignment Example The magnitude of the problem is increasing because of the lack of awareness among the general public of these areas about the sustainable and economical use of water. This report discusses the situation of water supply crisis in one such region i.e. Qatar and a few solutions to the problem and methodologies for providing water are also discussed. 2. Background The problem of water shortage is not due to global warming but is more due to the increase in population and the wastage of water by a large number of people throughout the world. More 20% of the world population does not have access to clean drinking water. The United Nations water program has set a target, in Millennium Development Goals, of supplying 85% of world population with safe drinking water by the end of 2020. But with the increasing population and increased wastage and pollution of water this target cannot be achieved before 2030. The third edition of the World Water Development Report (WWDR3) presented in the fifth World Water Forum in Istanbul in March 2009, various issues have been identified as the cause of the water shortage in the world, particularly in the arid regions. ... The salient features and the application of the various alternative methods with respect to Qatar is discussed separately in the following paragraphs. a. Wastewater Treatment and Reuse A large quantity of water is used for household washing purposes. This water which can be reused after proper treatment is normally wasted and thus contributes to the problem of water shortage particularly in the arid regions of the world. Qatar being one such region can also utilize its wastewater for fulfilling the increasing demand of water in the country. Wastewater does not only fulfill the increasing water demand but it is also very effective in controlling water pollution and various water-borne diseases particularly in countries like Qatar where people are unaware of the hygienic procedures through which they can stop water pollution. Wastewater reuse has is being practiced in various countries for providing fresh water resources. Qatar generates more than 2 million cubic meters of waste water in the form of household and industrial waste (Gleik, Cooley and Morikawa, 2008). Out of which about 35% can be treated and reused. Doing so will fulfill 50% of the household demand of water in Qatar. The cost per cubic meter ($0.49) is also lower as compared to the water obtained from desalination (2$ per cubic meter). Moreover wastewater treatment also resolves the issue of water pollution because the water is treated and reused instead of discharging into land which pollutes land and underground water resources. Another advantage of the reuse of wastewater is the localized nature of water supply system because the wastewater generated by a certain locality can be treated and reused

How far do you agree with the intentionalist perspective that Hitler Coursework

How far do you agree with the intentionalist perspective that Hitler had always intended the extermination of the Jews - Coursework Example Hitler insisted to the German population that the Jews were socialists as well as democrats who eagerly exploited the Aryan people’s need for social justice to grab social power over the Aryan population (Victor, 2000). The same school affirmed that Hitler made a blue print of his step by step architectural plan. The plan prioritised removing the Jews from the face of the earth. The intentionalists declared the Hitler Germany policy to exterminate the Jews led to the 1941 German invasion of USSR. The attack on the Jews was dubbed as Hitler’s final solution. Intentionalist philosopher Gerald Fleming branded Hitler as the Fighing Prophet. (Totten, 2000). Further, the Nazi anti-Semitism policy from 1933 to 1939 focused on the discrimination of the Jewish people. Hitler’s government priorities included removing the Jews’ rights. For example, the business companies implemented the Hitler government policy by terminating Jews from their workplaces. In Germany, the Jewish youth did not have equal societal opportunities with non-Jewish youths (Friedlander, 2014). In terms of how far Nazi leaders achieved prescribed policy goals, the Hitler government implemented a new civil service law on April 7, 1933 prohibiting the hiring of Jews. On April 26, the German government ordered the public burning of all Jew-authored books. On July 14, 1933, the German government cancelled the citizenship of its Eastern Jew residents (Friedlander, 2014). Concentration camps, including the Oranienburg_camp and the 1936 Dachau_concentration camps, were set up starting in 1933. During 1937, the government set up the Buchewald concentration_camp to accommodate the growing number of new Jewish prisoners. The camps were used for the consequent massacre of the German Jews. Instead of forcing Jewish prisoners to help in the production of German military equipment, Hitler preferred

The Elements of Drama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Elements of Drama - Essay Example Antigone feels that although Creon is a man, he is weak than she is. This is illustrated in their conversation after burying Polyneices and she is taken to Creon. She literary tells him that she has the power to say no to what she regards as vile and does not have to count any cost of it. She regards Creon as just a ruler who is controlled by the rules just because he ascended to the throne but not because he believes in them. Creon will then have to execute her even if he does not want to in order to abide by the crown. Creon is thus terrified if his action but is unable to act contrary. Antigone reads his fear and proclaims that even if her nails are broken, her finger covered in blood and her arms are wounded, she will still remain a queen. Antigone is terrified at the thought of death but then she is ready to embrace her death as a martyr. As a feminist, Antigone faces many challenges with her sister. Her encounter with Ismene about the burial of Polyneices leaves her heartbroken. Ismene is a conservative girl who believes in the maintenance of the status quo. When Antigone tells her to join her and bury their brother, Ismene is keen to remind her that the king has ordered a decree against anyone who will be seen burying him. She tells her that their family has suffered enough and was not ready to undergo another tragedy. Ismene reminds her that they are now all alone and therefore should do well in submitting to the law and obey. To Ismene, women must not fight with men. There is a conflict in philosophies at this time and Antigone tells her sister off and vows not to take her help even if she comes begging to offer it. Antigone is determined to defy Creon’s decree and bury her brother even if alone. Antigone’s conversation with her sister Ismene is fundamental in the analysis of her feminist trait. Ismene questions the role of nature in their lives. She argues that even when pushed, it should not be

Expected Value Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Expected Value - Essay Example This is because of the unpredictability of certain parameters which are associated with our planning. For example, in a cricket match, winning the toss has major role in deciding the victory. Most of the cricket pitches are underprepared which may favor either batting or bowling initially and then changes its characteristics later during the second innings. The toss winning captain can take decisions about whether to bat/ bowl first or to include pace bowlers or spinners in the team, based on the evaluation of the pitch. Many of the cricket teams underprepare their cricket pitches based on their strengths in batting and bowling. However, if they fail to win tosses, their planning cannot be implemented successfully. This is because of the fact that the chances of winning a toss are 50-50 since the coin has only two sides. In other words, the probability of getting a head or tail is 50-50. In such uncertain situations, the mathematical term â€Å"expected value† can help people in taking decisions. Expected value in mathematics is the weighted average of all the possible values. In other words, all the possibilities of a particular event will be evaluated properly while calculating the expected value. In industries and casinos, expected value has significant role to play. This paper analyses the history and importance of expected value. History of expected value The exact date of origination of the idea about expected value is still unknown to us. However, it is widely accepted that the expected value concepts were used during the latter half of the seventeenth century. Blaise Pascal, a French scientist and mathematician, is believed to be the founding father of the expected value theory. During the middle part of seventeenth century, the question of how to solve the problems of points or the problems of division of stakes raised major challenges to the mathematicians. Blaise Pascal and his associates started to solve these problems and the idea of expecte d value originated from their efforts. Even though, Pascal and his associates used different methods to solve this problem, they got same results since they used the same fundamental principle of mathematics in all their calculations. Apart from Pascal and his associates, a Dutch mathematician called Christian Huygens also contributed heavily to the development of expected value theory. Significance of expected value theory in casinos Expected value theory has greater significance in gambling. The chances of winning and losing in gambling depend on various parameters associated with the particular game selected for gambling. For example, poker is a game, which works on mathematical principles. Even though the nature and characteristics of the players play a vital role in deciding the winners of the poker game, many calculations including permutations and combinations are necessary to make sound decisions. For example, the right frequency to bluff in a situation is determined based o n the likelihood your opponent will fold in that particular situation. In limit, for example, when all the cards are out, how do you determine whether you should bluff on the river? If you can figure out that the pot is offering a caller 5:1 odds to call, but you know that they will fold the best hand 1 in six times, then bluffing now becomes mathematically correct (Importance of Math: expected value,

Wars in the Middle East past to present day Research Paper

Wars in the Middle East past to present day - Research Paper Example The Middle East is a core region that connects the three continents of Africa, Asia and Europe. In terms of conflicts, the Middle East countries have always had disputes that center on economics, politics, boundaries and religion. From the 20th century, there have been numerous conflicts that have always possessed the same theme. One of the first major conflicts relate to unification of Saudi Arabia (Tucker 34). This was a strategy whereby emirates and tribes could come under the single control of Al Saud. The conflict spread over a period of thirty years into creating the modern Saudi Arabia. This was the third state after the two previous ones. In this conflict, Al Saud conquered Riyadh and regions such as Al-Hasa and Nejd. Ibn Saud managed to take over Riyadh by killing the chief and capturing the castle. Similarly, the Egyptian revolution marked crucial occurrences of 1919. Sudan and Egypt participated into a revolt that sought to eliminate British rule from the region. This cont ributed to Egyptian independence and subsequent formation of a constitution. A temporary arrangement of British protectorate over Egypt lasted for an unexpected period. The agreement did not grant full sovereignty to Egypt and this resulted into further revolutionary activities. Egyptian strove towards political reform by having the 1952 revolution that eliminated the monarchial government (Tucker 803). One of the closely related revolutions relates to the 1979 Iran movement that uprooted the monarchy and established a new regime under Ayatollah Khomeini (Hoogland 11). The latest Asian conflict has been the famous Arab Spring. It has occurred in countries such as Libya, Egypt and Tunisia (Peters 33). In Western Asia, affected countries include Syria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Oman. It is notable that Asian countries have enjoyed fair economic progress by initiating certain policies. Most of the Middle East countries rely on oil and irrigation oriented Agriculture for their economic growth and survival. In addition, the countries flourish in extensive trade. The political orientation of these countries has always relied in robust governments with immense powers. The immense powers rely on few think tanks that propose regular changes and economic direction. In addition, the leadership was mainly patriarchal and monarchial. However, this was perceivable to have fostered an autocracy. In spite of the economic progress, the capacity for democracy was increasingly becoming limited. The leadership had become autocratic and inflexible to initiating new regimes. This became a political issue whereby the citizens could not effectively vote for their preferred leaders. In this age of limited democracy, Middle East citizens were significantly gaining education in their countries and other places. This triggered a generational gap whereby the younger generation could communicate through intensive technology. In this perspective, many citizens, who were mostly youth, organi zed an extensive revolution as they strove to uproot the longest surviving autocracies. One of the most prominent border conflicts relates to India and Pakistan tussle over the Kashmir region. The two regions were separated due to religious disparity between the same. Almost all conflicts, between the two countries, have a basis over Kashmir (Paul 64). The first conflict that the two countries experienced relates to leadership dispute over the region.

How does the film represent the causes of the war and various kinds of Essay

How does the film represent the causes of the war and various kinds of manipulation that keep it going - Essay Example his epoch making book, â€Å"War and Film† mentions in the Introduction section, â€Å"It seems to me that film about war have generally fallen, into one or more categories, and these categories have, in turn, given rise to lineages, taxonomies or modes that can be mapped across different national cinemas† (Chapman, 2008). The effect of war on the creative minds across the globe was so stark that the directors of the twenty-first century could not come out of the trauma and social devastation caused by the outbreak of war. In the year 1996, Yugoslavian director Srdan Dragojecvic made a film bearing the title ‘Pretty Village, Pretty Flame’ that yielded a bizarre but unique and unwelcoming dark humour regarding the events and manipulation that evolved and continued Bosnian war. The film is considered as one of the finest modern classics of Serbian cinema and the plot of the film is motivated by the real life circumstances that occurred during the initial days of Bosnian war. The story of the film centres round a group of Serbian soldiers who got trapped inside the tunnel and were entrapped by a fragment of the Bosnian troop. These soldiers interestingly did not join the war out of any sense of patriotism or extreme nationalism. The screenplay of the film ‘Pretty Village, Pretty Flame’ is based on a magazine article that was published in â€Å"Duga† authored by Vanja Bulic. Through a series of flashbacks, the film represents the early life of every soldier trapped inside the tunnel and endeavours to give an impression about the facts that culminated into a wartime situation and myriad manipulations that took place to continue it. ‘Pretty Village, Pretty Flame’ presents a plot that centres round a long-nurtured friendship of Halil who is a Muslim and Milan a Serbian. Set in the backdrop of 1980s, these two boys spend their boyhood playing and spending a considerable time from their playful days near a tunnel which they found mostly abandoned. Extremely

Wars in the Middle East past to present day Research Paper

Wars in the Middle East past to present day - Research Paper Example The Middle East is a core region that connects the three continents of Africa, Asia and Europe. In terms of conflicts, the Middle East countries have always had disputes that center on economics, politics, boundaries and religion. From the 20th century, there have been numerous conflicts that have always possessed the same theme. One of the first major conflicts relate to unification of Saudi Arabia (Tucker 34). This was a strategy whereby emirates and tribes could come under the single control of Al Saud. The conflict spread over a period of thirty years into creating the modern Saudi Arabia. This was the third state after the two previous ones. In this conflict, Al Saud conquered Riyadh and regions such as Al-Hasa and Nejd. Ibn Saud managed to take over Riyadh by killing the chief and capturing the castle. Similarly, the Egyptian revolution marked crucial occurrences of 1919. Sudan and Egypt participated into a revolt that sought to eliminate British rule from the region. This cont ributed to Egyptian independence and subsequent formation of a constitution. A temporary arrangement of British protectorate over Egypt lasted for an unexpected period. The agreement did not grant full sovereignty to Egypt and this resulted into further revolutionary activities. Egyptian strove towards political reform by having the 1952 revolution that eliminated the monarchial government (Tucker 803). One of the closely related revolutions relates to the 1979 Iran movement that uprooted the monarchy and established a new regime under Ayatollah Khomeini (Hoogland 11). The latest Asian conflict has been the famous Arab Spring. It has occurred in countries such as Libya, Egypt and Tunisia (Peters 33). In Western Asia, affected countries include Syria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Oman. It is notable that Asian countries have enjoyed fair economic progress by initiating certain policies. Most of the Middle East countries rely on oil and irrigation oriented Agriculture for their economic growth and survival. In addition, the countries flourish in extensive trade. The political orientation of these countries has always relied in robust governments with immense powers. The immense powers rely on few think tanks that propose regular changes and economic direction. In addition, the leadership was mainly patriarchal and monarchial. However, this was perceivable to have fostered an autocracy. In spite of the economic progress, the capacity for democracy was increasingly becoming limited. The leadership had become autocratic and inflexible to initiating new regimes. This became a political issue whereby the citizens could not effectively vote for their preferred leaders. In this age of limited democracy, Middle East citizens were significantly gaining education in their countries and other places. This triggered a generational gap whereby the younger generation could communicate through intensive technology. In this perspective, many citizens, who were mostly youth, organi zed an extensive revolution as they strove to uproot the longest surviving autocracies. One of the most prominent border conflicts relates to India and Pakistan tussle over the Kashmir region. The two regions were separated due to religious disparity between the same. Almost all conflicts, between the two countries, have a basis over Kashmir (Paul 64). The first conflict that the two countries experienced relates to leadership dispute over the region.

Economic analysis of the new system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economic analysis of the new system - Essay Example The new economic system requires monthly equipment training (1 hour training), Monthly software training (1 hour training), and monthly IT training on new system software. The return on investment is very significant to a company because it predicts the ratio or percentage of profits or gains to cost. However, the company manager need to understand that return on investment does not talk about time nor does it show how long a business might take to gain a certain percentage. In addition, it does not demonstrate the risk or danger of an investment. Payback analysis is very significant since it shows the duration a business takes for the entire gains from an investment to reach the cumulative cost. Therefore, investments with less time for payback have lower risks or danger than those with much time or longer periods have. The benefits are tangible and intangible. The tangible benefits are enhanced quality and inventory. In addition, it facilitates inclusion of all devices with real components, it give mobile users time to carry out practical transactions in absence of an available terminal. It improves lead-time reduction, helps to ensure all devices are built with the correct components the first time, a dramatic reduction in costly material scraps and wasted overhead that result from rework and by minimizing the risk of mixed components. It also Improve operator efficiencies, PCVs use of mobile devices gives users the freedom to perform real-time transactions while they work without having to seek out an available terminal. Additionally, intangible Benefits are indirect benefits that cannot be seen. For instance, such benefits are enhancing customer service via increased access and increased company control, which in turn avoids misuse of company resources. Further, it Increases company’s tr ansparency and responsibility, less chance of "losing" documents and

English-language films Essay Example for Free

English-language films Essay Your Name Reference Number Email id The objective of this form to capture feedback from our valuable students related to their experience with ISBM. We intend to capture your views on the complete Objective cycle of your experience with ISBM. This will help us to serve you and other students better and achieve a better satisfaction index. Thank you in advance for your precious time. Mobile Number Instructions to fill this form 1 2 3 While answering the questionnaire, select only one option. For some questions, there are additional spaces provided at the end of question. Use this space to provide any other feedback relevant to that question. Please post the filled form to: ISBM, A/222 , Shanti Shopping Centre , Opp. Railway Station, Mira road (E), Thane-401107, Maharashtra, INDIA 1. How was your admission handled by ISBM? Excellent Good Above Average 2. Did you receive the books well in time? Yes No Average Poor 3. How would you rate the quality of course material for the compulsory subjects? Excellent Good Above Average Average Poor Additional Comments (If Any) 4. How would you rate the quality of course material for specialization subject(s)? Excellent Good Above Average Average Poor Additional Comments (If Any) Student Satisfaction Form-Q4-2008 Page 1 of 4 Q4-2008. 5. Any suggestions for improving the content of subjects offered? 6. How was the support from our examination department? Excellent Good Above Average Average Additional Comments (If Any) 7. How do rate the pattern/structure of our examinations? Excellent Good Above Average 8. Did you face any problems with payment of fees? Yes No If Yes then please specify Poor Average Poor 9. Any specific concern/problem which remains unsolved? Yes No If Yes then please specify 10. How do you assess your overall experience with ISBM Excellent Good Above Average Average Poor 11. How many of your friends are/were students of ISBM? ____________ 12. Mention your achievements in Personal and Professional life due to ISBM. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Student Satisfaction Form-Q4-2008 Page 2 of 4 Q4-2008 13. List out any five positive sides of ISBM. 1 2 3 4 5 14. List out any five suggestions/improvements for ISBM. 1 2 3 4 5 15. Would you like to refer your friends/family members for ISBM courses? If yes, please provide us with the following details. Phone Number Name Email id (With STD Code) 1 2 3 4 Thank you for your precious time. ISBM will analyze your satisfaction rating and try its level best to serve its precious students better. Student Satisfaction Form-Q4-2008 Page 3 of 4 Q4-2008 Hi, Greetings from www. bigvacancy. com BigVacancy is a partner of Indian School of Business Management and Administration (ISBM). As a part of its placement assistance, ISBM has tied up with BigVacancy to provide its student exposure to the various job markets. We request you to register with us on www. bigvacancy. com and post your resume on the same site. Registration is free on our website. Our registered employers will thus have an exclusive database of ISBM students for recruitment. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us from our website. www. bigvacancy. com Wish you all the best. See you as a registered member of BigVacancy soon. Best Wishes, ISBM BigVacancy Student Satisfaction Form-Q4-2008.

MS Word Against WordPro :: essays research papers

MS Word WordPro Functional  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Customization 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Compatibility 6 Templates 7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  User Friendly (learning curve) 6 Object Insertion 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obsolesce (version wise) 7 Formatting Options (editing) 8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Product Support 8 WordPro Customization   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WordPro really doesn?t allow you to customize the look of the program, unlike Microsoft?s Word. About the only thing that you can customize in this program is the view. The funny part about this is that, the views that you have the options of choosing, are ones that Microsoft does not offer. Even though WordPro doesn?t offer the extensive customization that word offers you really don?t need it. WordPro offers extensive and very useful toolbars that adjust to what ever you are doing in the window. When looking at the toolbars, they are very thoughtfully laid out with only the functions that you use the most. The other advantage of the toolbars is that they are located at the top and bottom of the page, making the most amount of the room on the screen, instead of at the top of the screen, like Words default. Templates   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The extensive amount of templates that come with and that you can get for this program are amazing. There is a template for everything that you could possibly need. There are templates for Accounts Receivable bills all the way to a template to a fax coversheet followed buy the fax. Using the templates is not all that hard either. It is basically point and click, follow the direction that are there for you and are easy to understand. The best thing about the templates is that they all use a series of frames, which is very useful if you want to remove a certain section of the template, with out messing up the whole document. Object Insertion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this program object insertion is a little bit of a pain, you can do it, but for a person never using the program before, it will not only be frustrating, but it will also deter you from using the program. Unlike Microsoft?s Word, it is not as easy to get to. WordPro unfortunately also doesn?t support as many file types either. On the upside, once you figure out where the function is in the program, it is not all that hard to work with. Formatting Options   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this section, WordPro is very competitive with Word. They both have the same options, like auto correct, although they may be called different names. They also have the same easy to find menus.

Reconsidering Harcourt in Wycherley’s The Country Wife Essay -- Wycher

Reconsidering Harcourt in Wycherley’s The Country Wife Wycherley’s The Country Wife opens on Horner, the lead, telling his physician about his plan to change his reputation from that of a rake (promiscuous man-about-town) to that of a eunuch in order to gain access to women without anyone knowing. He withholds this plan from everyone but the doctor, who becomes his accomplice by spreading the rumor of Horner’s impotence to the gossipiest women in London. Horner’s sex life constitutes two of the three main plots, in both of which he gains access to a married woman and cuckolds her husband. He comes close to being found out but narrowly escapes discovery when the women of the play and the doctor reaffirm his condition, thus persuading the cuckolded husbands that they have not been made cuckolds. The other plot involves Harcourt, Horner’s best friend, who falls in love with and immediately proposes to Alithea when Sparkish, the would-be wit whom she is arranged to marry, introduces them in an attempt to make Harc ourt jealous and thus win his approval. Harcourt then spends the rest of the play making failed attempts to win Alithea away from Sparkish. In the end, Horner’s plots intersect with Harcourt’s, and Horner slanders Alithea to keep his affairs secret. Sparkish had kept Alithea’s loyalty because ostensibly he was not jealous and seemed to trust her, but he believes what Horner says about Alithea without waiting to hear her defense and shows that he is not really who she thought he was, nor did he ever really care about her. Harcourt, on the other hand, defends her honor and trusts her, despite the slander, and once again offers marriage. Alithea, who had fallen for Harcourt but had to keep her feelings secret, is now free t... ...and his insistence on ignoring Alithea’s warnings. I assume that Harcourt relies on this stupidity and is thus confident and in control. [26] Vieth 343. [27] As Ogden points out, â€Å"His [Horner’s] most serious mistake is to suppose Margery Pinchwife will share his uncomplicated view of sex.† Ogden xxiv. [28] See note 8. [29] See note 10. [30] Pat Gill argues that â€Å"Harcourt steps in to redeem Alithea from obloquy, claiming that his name and his word (his sign) will supply any lack she may have. Like Horner’s confident play with language, Harcourt’s deployment of his name to squelch rumors is a power maneuver, an assertion of dominance over the female domain of gossip.† Pat Gill, Interpreting Ladies: Women, Wit, and Morality in the Restoration Comedy of Manners (Athens: U of Georgia P, 1994) 69. [31] Hume 14-5. [32] Canfield 254. [33] Hume 15-23.

Financial Sector Development Essay

ABSTRACT This paper is an attempt to examine the relationship between financial development and income inequality. In doing so, we have used Bangladeshi data for the period 1985-2006. We have employed auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology for cointegration. We have also carried out sensitivity analysis and stability tests. Our findings suggest that financial development increases income inequality. Economic growth seems to equalize income distribution. Inflation and trade openness also worsen income inequality. Finally, income inequality is being increased by social spending in the country over long run. This study provides new directions for policy makers to reduce income inequality to share the fruits of economic development among the wider spectrum of the society. Keywords: Financial sector, development, trade openness, income inequality, Bangladesh JEL Classifications: D14, D33, F1 INTRODUCTION Economic growth and its correlates have been the focus of a large number of studies over the recent past. These studies primarily put emphasis on various aspects or sources of growth. One of the important correlates of economic growth that has been studied prominently is the extent of financial sector development. The positive and robust relationship between well-functioning financial system and economic growth is empirically a well established fact. Higher levels of financial development are significantly and robustly correlated with current and future rates of economic growth, physical capital accumulation, and improvements in economic efficiency (see, Khan, 2000; Goldsmith, 1969; McKinnon, 1973; Roubini and Sala-i-Martin, 1992; King and Levine, 1993; Easterly, 1993; Pagano and Volpin, 2001; Beck, Levine and Loayza, 2000; Khan and Senhadji, 2000; Christopoulos and Tsionas, 2004; Iqbal, et al., 2006; Khan, Qayyum and Skiekh, 2005 and Shahbaz, 2009). It is argued that capital market improvements benefit the rich more than the poor and hence contribute to increase income inequality. The main reason is that rich individuals have more potential than the poor ones to exploit new opportunities. It is also believed that the access of the poor to bank credits may be impeded because of the high cost involved therein, and, as such, financial development may be regressive for the poor, particularly at the initial stages of development (Greenwood and Jovanovic, 1990). The financial sector charges high set up cost against financial services during early periods of development to gain advantages from the screening and risk pooling. This cost is beyond the affordability of the poor people. As they are not in a position to use their savings for this outlay which pushes them further below in the income inequality trap (Clarke et al., 2003; Dollar and Kraay, 2003; Beck, Demirguc-Kunt and Levine, 2004). Financial market imperfections such as financial asymmetries, transaction costs, and contract enforcement costs may be especially binding for poor entrepreneurs who lack collateral, credit histories, and connections. These credit constraints will impede the flow of capital to poor individuals with high-return projects (Banerjee and Newman, 1993; Galor and Zeira, 1993), thereby reducing the efficiency of capital allocation and intensifying income distribution (Greenwood and Jovanovic, 1990; Banerjee and Newman, 1993 and, Aghion and Bolton, 1998). The relationship between financial development and reductions in income inequality is not only a correlation, but also a causal relationship. The positive relationship between private credit and economic growth for the poor might be driven by higher demand for financial services as the poor constitute a larger share in national income. Similarly, reduction in income inequality might lead to political pressure to create a more efficient financial system that allocates the funds to the projects based on market criteria, not on political considerations. No particular study has determined whether financial sector development benefits the whole population, primarily benefits the rich, or disproportionately helps the poor (Honohan, 2004; Beck et al. 2004; Claessens and Perotti, 2007 and Bittencourt, 2006). But in the case of Pakistan, Shahbaz (2009) documents that financial development, improves agriculture and manufacturing sectors and investment activities improve the incomes of bottom 20% of the population. The rest variables such as economic growth, financial instability, increase in prices, and overall high income inequality lower the income share of the poor from national income. The issue on the nature of relationship between financial development and income inequality has been discussed in many studies using few control variables with traditional estimation techniques such as Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). For instance, Dollar and Kraay, (2003) found that more trade would lead to improve income distribution, whereas higher inflation, higher government consumption and financial development would lead to higher income inequality. The specification of Li and Zou, (2002) is similar to the one in Barro, (2000) with the level of the gini coefficient as a dependant variable and control variables including inflation, financial development, government spending and openness. Their results suggest that higher inflation leads to lower income inequality, whereas higher government spending, an improved financial sector and better education abate it. Calderà ³n and Serven, (2003) find that financial depth increases income inequality while better education decreases it. Finally, the findings of Lopez, (2004) are based on the estimation of a dynamic panel with fixed effects for the change in the gini coefficient. The results suggest that improvements in education and lower inflation rates reduces the levels of income inequality, while financial development, trade openness, and reduction in government size will be associated with an increase in income inequality. Lopez also finds that economic policies are likely to be pro-poor in the long-run (i.e., the growth effects offset the increase in inequality) but might also lead to a temporary short-run increase in income inequality in the absence of compensatory measures. The effect of financial development is, however, not very large and is dominated by agricultural factors and other sectoral factors (Kakwani and Pernia, 2000; Khan and Senhadji, 2000; Christopoulos and Tsionas, 2004). With the development of a financial system, the capacity to bear the high costs of small credits (Rajan and Zingales 2003) increases. Moreover, the growth of a formal financial system makes poor people more accessible to informal credit that offers opportunities for profitable investments. Finally, in a framework of competitive markets of goods and production factors, credit may improve the well-being of the poor, even if they do not directly receive the loans from financial institutions (Beck et al. 2004)[1].. Finally, Ang (2008, 2009) scrutinizes the link between growth in financial sector and income distribution for the case of India. This paper indicates the important role of financial sector to decrease income disparity. It is documented that connection between financial development and income inequality exists and is significant. The results of this study show that financial development and increased banking density seem to improve income distribution by raising the income of the bottom 20 percent or the poor segments of the population. This study again provides support for linear relationship between finance and inequality. There is no space to validate Greenwood and Jovanovic (1990) hypothesis. Moreover, Ang (2009) probes an active link between financial liberalization and income disparity over the period of 1951 upto 2004 for the case of India. It may be noted on the basis of empirical evidence that financial reforms do not seem to provide any equal access to financial services and hence income discrimination has intensified in India. For the case of Brazil, Bittencourt (2006, 2009), has checked the effects of financial development on income disparity for the periods of 1980s and 1990s. The study uses time series and panel data approaches to examine the said nexus. The econometrical exercise indicates that financial development declines income inequality because easy access to financial services seems to increase income share of the bottom 20 percent of the population. Shahbaz (2009) also seems to investigate the impact of financial development, financial instability on the income of poor segments of population with the battery of other control variables such as economic growth, inflation, agriculture, and manufacturing shares to GDP for the case of a small emerging economy like Pakistan. The evidence proves the validation of McKinnon Conduit Effect in Pakistan. But, financial instability weakens the beneficial impact financial development on income share of the bottom 20 percent of the population. The main reason is that financial crisis seems to increase credit constraints for poor individuals. Furthermore, developments in agriculture and manufacturing sectors enhance the welfare of poor people by raising their incomes. Finally, study conducted by Shahbaz, (2010) indicates that financial development is associated significantly with equal income distribution. The estimate of economic growth is linked with high income inequality. The trade openness worsens income distribution and this provides the support to accept the Leontief Paradox for Pakistan. The income inequality is positively correlated with financial instability. The main objective of this endeavour is to investigate the relationship between financial development and income inequality in an Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) framework for Bangladesh utilising data over the period of 1985-2006. This attempt is the first of its kind for Bangladesh.

Steve Jobs Personality

Type Today marks part four of our 16 part series exploring the sixteen Myers-Briggs Type [email  protected] test personality types and related notable Celebrity figures throughout time. Previously we examined Celebrity John D Rockefeller and the [email  protected] test EST] personality type. This week we examine the SITS (Introversion-sensing-Thinking- Perceiving) and the late great mastermind behind the â€Å"Apple†, Steve Jobs. Most people remember Steve Jobs as the co-founder and CEO of Apple Inc and Paxar Inc.Steve Jobs was also an individual that mastered his AMBIT type, the SITS, allowing him o excel in a unique position in his industry that lead to technical advancements that we often take for granted in this day of age. Like many Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Introverts who prefer thinking and sensing, Steve Jobs used his preferences primarily internally to analyze the data he gathered in an organized fashion much like the computers he helped develop. He was able to detach and objectively criticize the projects he worked on.This sometimes insensitive approach to problems was a double edged sword that lead to Jobs being fired from Apple in 1985 after losing a rower struggle with Apple's board of directors. Fortunately, Steve Jobs didn't give up, and utilized his Perceiving preference to remain flexible and spontaneous in his approach to work. He acquired the computer graphics division from Localisms and turned it into the critically and financially acclaimed Paxar Studios. He also started up NeXT Inc. That was acquired by Apple Inc. In 1996, and over the next four years Steve Jobs ascended to CEO of Apple bringing him full circle with the company.Steve Jobs also showcased how SITS types focus on efficiently working on projects and was a rim believer in doing only what was needed with the least amount of fuss. Efficiency and innovation were key focus points throughout his career. You can see this today in the products that Apple releases. From th e mimic, to the pod, to the phone, all three are innovations which are streamlined, clean, and efficient products that attract a full spectrum of customers. Apple produces a set amount of products that are mass produced for cost efficiency and quality control.This has allowed Apple to control the image of all the products they produce unlike open sourced platforms like he PC. This did not come without risk as many manufacturers looked down on Apple for their lack of flexibility in the ass's but it is that exact mentality of adaptable, action- orientated risk taking that is synonymous with SITS personality types. Not many people got to know the man behind the keynote speeches closely while he was alive. This is something that is common with Introverts. Most accounts were from people that worked for Steve Jobs. At one point Fortune named Steve Jobs â€Å"one of Silicon Valleys leading egomaniacs.He was also known as a demanding perfectionist, but that was a side effect of the extreme SITS preference that is often seen as confident, independent, and self-determined. Steve Jobs set the bar high and worked until the very end to meet those standards. In the end Jobs did things his own way. Through his successes and failures he changed the technical landscape forever and showed what a motivated SITS can achieve. – See more at: http://carcinogenicity's. Com/ assessments/ambit/965-celebrity-personality-type-Steve-Jobs/#stash. Qwerty. Duff Ambit By Shabby

Unit 5 Quiz

Student Gradebook Exam https://takeexam. next. ecollege. com/(NEXT(3d4570aa34))/Main/Cours†¦ Grading Summary These are the automatically computed Date and Time Started: results of your exam. Grades for essay Time Spent: questions, and comments from your instructor, are in the â€Å"Details† section below. Points Received: Question Type: Multiple Choice # Of Questions: 10 10/31/2012 8:58:27 AM 38 min , 14 secs 10 / 20 (50%) # Correct: 5 Grade Details – All Questions 1. Question : Carlton Company sold equipment for $3,700 that originally cost $22,000. The balance of the Accumulated Depreciation account related to this equipment was $19,000.The entry to record the disposal of this equipment would include a debit to Loss on Sale of Equipment of $700. credit to Gain on Sale of Equipment of $700. credit to Equipment of $3,000. debit to Gain on Sale of Equipment of $700. 0 of 2 Student Answer: Points Received: Comments: 2. Question : The premium on a two-year insurance po licy expiring on June 30, 2015, was paid in total on July 1, 2013. The original payment was debited to the insurance expense account. The appropriate journal entry has been recorded on December 31, 2013. The balance in the prepaid asset account on December 31, 2013, should be the same as the original payment. igher than if the original payment had been initially debited to an asset account. lower than if the original payment had been initially debited to an asset account. the same as it would have been if the original payment had been initially debited to an asset account. 2 of 2 Student Answer: Points Received: Comments: 3. Question : Student Answer: Failure to record the expired amount of prepaid rent expense would not understate expense. overstate net income. overstate owners' equity. understate liabilities. 2 of 2 Points Received: 1 of 3 11/7/2012 2:52 PM Student Gradebook Exam https://takeexam. next. ecollege. om/(NEXT(3d4570aa34))/Main/Cours†¦ Comments: 4. Question : The Supplies on Hand account balance at the beginning of the period was $6,600. Supplies totaling $12,825 were purchased during the period and debited to Supplies on Hand. A physical count shows $3,825 of Supplies on Hand at the end of the period. The proper journal entry at the end of the period debits Supplies on Hand and credits Supplies Expense for $9,000. debits Supplies Expense and credits Supplies on Hand for $12,825. debits Supplies on Hand and credits Supplies Expense for $15,600. debits Supplies Expense and credits Supplies on Hand for $15,600. of 2 Student Answer: Points Received: Comments: 5. Question : Student Answer: An accrued expense can be described as an amount paid and matched with earnings for the current period. paid and not matched with earnings for the current period. not paid and not matched with earnings for the current period. not paid and matched with earnings for the current period. 2 of 2 Points Received: Comments: 6. Question : How would proceeds received i n advance from the sale of nonrefundable tickets for the Super Bowl be reported in the seller’s financial statements published before the Super Bowl? Revenue for the entire proceeds. Read also Quiz Week 4Revenue less related costs. Unearned revenue less related costs. Unearned revenue for the entire proceeds. 2 of 2 Student Answer: Points Received: Comments: 7. Question : On June 30, a company paid $3,600 for insurance premiums for the current year and debited the amount to Prepaid Insurance. At December 31, the bookkeeper forgot to record the amount expired. The omission has the following effect on the financial statements prepared December 31: overstates owners' equity. overstates assets. understates net income. overstates both owners’ equity and assets. Student Answer: 2 of 3 11/7/2012 2:52 PM Student Gradebook Exam ttps://takeexam. next. ecollege. com/(NEXT(3d4570aa34))/Main/Cours†¦ Points Received: Comments: 2 of 2 8. Question : Student Answer: Total net income over the life of an enterprise is higher under the cash basis than under the accrual basis. lower under the cash basis than under the accrual basis. the same under the cash basis as under the accrual basis. not susceptible to measurement. 0 of 2 Points Received: Comments: 9. Question : Sky Company collected $12,350 in interest during 2013. Sky showed $1,850 in interest receivable on its December 31, 2013, balance sheet and $5,300 on December 31, 2012.The interest revenue on the income statement for 2013 was $3,450. $8,900. $12,350. $14,200. 0 of 2 Student Answer: Points Received: Comments: 10. Question : Student Answer: If an expense has been incurred but not yet recorded, then the end-of-period adjusting entry would involve a liability account and an asset account. a liability account and a revenue account. a liability and an expense account. a receivable account and a revenue account. 0 of 2 Points Received: Comments: * Times are displayed in (GMT-07:00) Mountain Time (US & Canada) 3 of 3 11/7/2012 2:52 PM

Old Testament book of Esther Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Old Testament book of Esther - Research Paper Example It would be rather logic to claim that the book was intended for Hebrews since Esther herself was Hebrew. All the same, the intended recipients of the book may well have been much broader. This makes the author of the book be assumed Hebrew as well, since Esther was Hebrew, and the text was originally written in Hebrew. The Old Testament book of Esther is about the life history of Esther, her encounters with religious leaders amongst other interactions. The book of Esther The book of Esther is in the outline of a brief tale, making it resemble the outline of the book of Ruth. Esther has been set up in the palace of Shushan, on one of the three centers of the Persian Empire. The narrative offers us a stunning image of the Jews in exile, of the unfriendliness of their Non-Jews in Persia (Tull, 2003, p. 19). The book also looks into the means by which Esther turned out to be the Queen of Ahasuerus (Xerxes), after putting her life on the line, for the sake of her people, the Jews. God pr ovides fortunate care for her people in a magnified manner all the way through the book, even though the word â€Å"God† is not present in this book. ... Esther 2:19-23 Mordecai revealed a scheme to murder the king and cautioned Esther about, the plot, who later on informed the King about it. Nevertheless, Esther gave Mordecai all the recognition for the information. Esther 3:1-15 Haman was lifted in the command chain and positioned on top of the majority of the most loyal men. Mordecai rejected going down on his knees before Haman and started a quarrel between Haman and the Jews of the land. A rule was established to murder all Jews on the date of March 7. Esther 4:1-6 Mordecai and the Jews surrounding Susa started to grieve and fast. Esther 4:7-17 Mordecai about the passing of the rules and advised her to put her life on life for the sake of her people. If she does not risk her life, another individual will, making her disprove her faith towards God. Esther 5:1-8 Esther depicts patience and some feasts prior to requesting the King to spare the lives of Jews. Esther 5:9-14 Haman and his spouse started to the scheme against Mordecai. Esther 6:1-14 King Xerxes reminiscences on Mordecai’s service and loyalty to the King and chose recompense him. Haman was deeply embarrassed the moment Mordecai was being rewarded. Esther 7:1-10 Haman is gradually held responsible for the tried genocide of Jews, and the King has him killed in a manner that Haman attempted killing Mordecai before. Esther 8:1-17 Mordecai was rewarded by the King and released under a regulation that Jews could protect their lives before the King. Following the passing of the decree, King Xerxes once again rewarded Mordecai by offering him Haman’s previous post, and every Jew renowned throughout the Kingdom. Esther 8:15-10:4 Right through all chapters of the book of Esther, the Jews are seen emerging and conquering all their enemies all the way

Strategic plans for American car manufacturer Chrysler Essay

Strategic plans for American car manufacturer Chrysler - Essay Example However, in 1970s, oil crisis led to a high demand in oil efficient vehicles. In the year 2009, the third largest automobile manufacturer filed for bankruptcy. This essay is based on a case study analysis of the management aspects of Chrysler and develops recommendations that can improve the profitability of the automobile manufacturer. The company hired a new leadership in 1978. The new management team initiated cost-cutting measures which includes shutting down some plants, temporary layoffs, scaling down nonproductive plants and stopping a number of employee benefits. The company appealed for a federal loan as the debt escalated. The loan revamped the company has the product line of the company begun to expand again. The company embarked to manufacturing fuel efficient cars and passenger vehicles. The company entered into a strategic alliance with Samsung in 1987 and increased its shareholding in Mitsubishi motors’ corporation (Zaccaro & Klimoski 2001). The company was struggling to stay afloat even after receiving financial aid from a federal loan of $ 4 billion in 2009. The federal government insisted that the company had to merge with Fiat in order the get additional funding of $ 2 billion. This additional funding request was one of the strategies to ensure that the long-term viability of the company is ensured (Hampton 2009). The management was requested to cut the costs through negotiating with both united auto workers and Canadian auto workers. The failure of the debtors of agrees on debt restructuring caused the company to file for bankruptcy. The company is seen as suffering from poor business management. Besides, the Japanese cars were smaller, oil-efficient and had competitive prices. The Japanese cars had a better performance. This led to a decline in the sales of the Chrysler products. The company has a history of failing to respond decisively to the prevailing challenges. This has caused the other competitors to take

Revolutions in 20th Century Latin America Essay

Revolutions in 20th Century Latin America - Essay Example Latin America was one of those lands which underwent frequent revolutions. Twentieth century as well as the Caribbean lands are no exceptions. This paper is intended to identify the various reasons for the revolutions in the Latin America. Due to the space constraints two revolutions are taken into account; the Cuban revolution in 1959 and 'tenants revolution' in Brazil in 1930. Any revolution is not a one night process. A whole domain of social, cultural, geographical, internal and external political and/or economical factors plays their role to evolve a revolution. Thus, before analyzing the causes of revolution, it is empirical to have a glance into the social, cultural, geographical, political and/or economical setup of the land in particular and the region in general. When we will analyze them all and try to map them on the chronology of the revolution, this way the causes would be highlighted themselves. United States of America had helped Cuba achieve independence in 1898 from the Spanish domination, thus it was quite obvious that US had an influence over the Cuban Affairs, local as well international, since the day one. The control of the United States of America on the Cuban Economy is evident from the facts that United States had control over almost half of the land of Cuba, three fifth of the railway system, almost ninety percent of electricity production and the telephone system. Furthermore, Cuba was the main supplier of various raw materials to the United States. So we can infer that though Independent, the control of USA was yet not lesser than that of British Imperials in their colonies. Furthermore, the domination did not result in the increase in the efficiency of the overall performance of the country, so there was a general opinion in the people of Cuba, that the United State is exploiting the Cuban people for their (US) interest through the dummy leaders like Batista. (Thomas) Cuban Economy before Revolution: At first look, it appears that Cuban economy was prosperous at that time. Cuba's mortality rate of 7 per thousand was the lowest in Latin America. Its infant mortality rate was by far the lowest. Cuba's mortality rate of 7 per thousand was the lowest in Latin America. Its infant mortality rate was by far the lowest. Cuba had one automobile for every 39 inhabitants, compared with Argentina's one for every 60 and Mexico's one for every 91 people. The wage rate for industrial workers in Cuba was the highest in Latin America (as of 1957) and 9th highest in the world. However, the other side of picture so dark that this appearing brightness of Cuban Economy fade away, when someone browse through these factors. The economy was too dependent on Sugar. Wealth was unevenly distributed. Unemployment was 8% in five months of sugar harvest, but for the rest of the year, it used to be around 30%. As stated above, the economic prosperity had no trickle down effect; the only beneficiaries of the si tuation were the US companies in Cuba and their Cuban associates who were working for their interests. Thus there were high social tensions among the common man of Cuba. (Seers) Political Setup in Cuba: There was no reliable democratic

History, Consuption of BLUE JEANS (FASHION in U.S History) assignment Research Paper

History, Consuption of BLUE JEANS (FASHION in U.S History) assignment - Research Paper Example It looked dark blue as it was generally colored with indigo, a type of colorant derived from plants in India and America. Almost 20 million tons of indigo is produced for the dyeing of jeans every year, though each pair of jeans requires only a few grams of the dye. It was worn by workers as the fabric was very durable and strong. Gold was found in California in the year 1848 which gave rise to the popular Gold rush, the workers of the gold mine required long lasting cloths that would last long and not be worn off easily. A man called Leob Strauss who lived in New York shifted to San Francisco which is quite close to California and started a wholesale business of supplying clothes, later he changed his name to Levi from Leob, who the founder of the well known Levis Jeans Company. The major problem faced by the miners was that the pockets of their jeans would easily tear away from the jeans, so a person called Jacob Davis thought of an idea to overcome this problem. He had the idea of using metal fasteners to prevent the pockets from tearing away and to hold the pockets and the jeans together. Davis wanted to copyright his idea but due to lack of funds. He could not do so. In the year 1872 Davis sent a written proposal to Strauss, offering him a deal if Strauss agreed to pay fort the copyright, the proposal was accepted by Strauss and Davis started manufacturing copper fasteners. Levi attached a leather label on their jeans in the year 1886; it displayed two horses pulling a pair of jeans from in opposite directions, this was to display and advertise the strength of the jeans, and represented that even if it is pulled by two horses it would not tear apart. Hollywood stared making many western movies in 1930’s, where cowboys generally wore denim waist overalls; jeans were called that back then. This denim waist overall that

Objective Toward Somali Immigrants In The Healthcare Setting Research Paper

Objective Toward Somali Immigrants In The Healthcare Setting - Research Paper Example These include prayer and fire-burning which entails applying a heated stick to the skin. According to Lewis, 1996, those immigrants exposed to modern medicine expect medication for every illness thus may be disappointed when nothing is prescribed. Additionally, they also put their trust in health professionals of the same sex and do not believe in preventive medicine. I believe that in as much as it aims to maintain their cultural heritage, the Somali should give up some of their beliefs and move into the modern day by embracing the technology of science and health. This opinion holds because some of the methods used by the Islam to treat their complications are crude and can end up affecting them even negatively. With their location in the U.S, they have accessibility to the modern methods of healthcare and this will even reduce the spread of certain diseases such as T.B. The Somali are more prone to this because in their culture it is customary for family and friends to eat with their hands from the same plate and drink from a shared cup, according to Putnam and Noor (1999). There are experiences with the Somalis who refuse to be treated for some treatments because of what they uphold in their culture. Somali hesitates to initiate TB treatment because they believe they must discontinue chewing ‘khat’ while undergoing treatment. However, United States Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) states that using the leafy narcotic may affect one’s ability to remember their medication. The family, community and the media enhance the beliefs in modern health by insisting on one seeking medication whenever they are unwell. The media has a key role of agenda-setting in the society and through this; they make their audience aware that adopting proper health practices is advisable. The church advises their members to visit health

European History World War I Essay Example for Free

European History World War I Essay The focal point of this essay is to evaluate and analyze the position of female nurses in World War I. The paper overall could be enumerated about the impact of World War I on the home front to the countries involving especially women. For the purpose references would be taken from predominantly four books. The first one is It’s a long way to Tipperary: British and Irish Nurses in the Great War by Yvonne McEwen and the second one used in this paper is Nurses at the Front: Writing the Wounds of the Great War by Margaret R. Â  Higonnet. The third and fourth book used for this paper would be The woman of Royaumount: A Scottish women’s hospital on the western front by Eileen Crofton and War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa by Joshua S. Goldstein. Apart from all these an article by Margaret H. Darrow would also be used that was published in the American Historical Review Vol. 101, No 1 in February 1996 titled French Volunteer Nursing and the Myth of War Experience in WWI. All these texts would be valuable resources for determining the true position of women during the First World War. Yvonne McEwen book deals with the characters that are often overlooked while dealing with the greater perspective of a vast incident like the First World War. These are the people who practically work behind the scene but make tremendous contribution to the cause but more often than not are not mentioned by academicians. Such characters are the female nurses of the First World War. The author presents a testimony to all those nurses of the First World War who proved to be people with astonishing courage and ability to bear hardship. It is not only the soldiers of the First World War who showed all these qualities but the author mentions that it is the female nurses who went unsung after proving themselves to be no less dedicated to their country and service than the soldiers. The sacrifices of these people are hardly written down and thus the author is instrumental in presenting to us the untold stories of the female nurses and their position in the First World War. At the same time the author mentions the other side of this profession and service where the female nurses is mobilized in a large number to compete among rival nursing service agencies. The net result often proved to be uncalled for. This is because though there was a huge demand of female nurses in the First World War it was desirable that the female nurses participating and volunteering to serve are trained adequately. It is almost a certainty that due to this mobilization in mass numbers the quality of the female nurses was diminishing. In the same context it should also be said that this lack of practicable knowledge was often covered up by the will to serve and work extremely hard. However, the author indicates several accounts that show the humane aspects of the First World War female nurses and their position in the social order as they were viewed by the soldiers as saviors though in most cases they were only comforters at the most. But in a time of mass destruction and agony this was more than sufficient for a dying young soldier. The author narrates this aspect of the female nurses with great affection and indulgence. (McEwen, 2006) The second text by Higonnet reveals more of personal account of the two most famous nurses from the United States, Mary Borden and Ellen N. La Motte. Their personal views of the First World War, as brought for forward by the author between the same covers, shows the inner world of the female nurses during the period of the war. These are women who saw the war extremely closely and thus narrates the extremely difficult practice of military medicine under ruthless conditions. Their accounts are often haunting and both reflects the dilemma of treatment where the patient for whom the nurses work so hard would ultimately return to the war zone either to be killed or to kill. At this point the text becomes very touching and humane but at the same time shows us the true position of the female nurses during the First World War. It appears that the female nurses were, in a sense, just comforting medium or toll provided by the government to heal their killing machines. It is true that this cost of war is often difficult to digest with its harsh realities of death and decay of the human mind where most of the humane principals are drained off under unbearable circumstances. But the nurses depict their accounts not only from the point of view of observers but from a point where it appears that they are actually cursing their need of healing the blood river. There is a certain point of motherhood or motherly feeling involved in their accounts. Their text not only becomes extremely important for determining the true position of the nurses during the First World War period but also presents us with humane narratives that are inspirational, thoughtful and moving. (Higonnet, 2001) Eileen Croftons The Women of Royaumont, A Scottish Women’s Hospital on the Western Front is a story of a hospital in Royaumont which was within few miles from the western front during the First World War. This story also tells the account of Miss Frances Ivens who works as a surgeon in this hospital. Miss Ivens was also responsible for the set up of this fully equipped hospital to serve the wounded soldiers from the front. This is a wonderful story about the personnel of this hospital where death and pain became a regular feature during the First World War period these were the people who never loosed any hope and lead life with hardship and service from 1915 to the end of the war in 1919. Here we find the daily life of the female nurses with their fear and hope and determination. It is a interesting notion to read the parts where they are seen celebrating Christmas or other such festive moods along with their heavy schedule where doctors were allowed on about three hours of sleep due to rush of patients. Here we find the whereabouts of the female nurses with details accounts such a number of patients during a specific period of time in the middle of the war and the total number of treatments along with details of maladies along with their race and religions. The writer makes us aware that these are personnel who worked amidst shells and gun fires and still maintained their high level of professional skills. Here we also find the aspects of humor, like the festivals or games, helped their moral to continue the harsh days of the First World War period. We also come across the diplomatic situation where the management handled the matter with well formulated strategies to survive. Thus this text reveals a huge amount of details that is needed to determine the position of nurses in the First World War period. We can easily understand the high position these women occupied in the minds of the patients but sadly the same was hardly true when it came to bureaucracy and government. If judged from Eileen Crofton’s point of view it was the outsiders who never shared the life of the nurses and failed to pay their due respect. But at the same time it is true that while evaluating the position of the female nurses during the period of the first World War it becomes certain that the elite of the society hardly paid any respects to these brave service providers even though some of the noted female nurse came from this class. However, the main concerns to the nurses were the well being of the soldiers and there they were highly respected and honored. Goldstein’s text presents a different angle to the entire discussion and along with it places a very interesting point of view too. Goldstein aims at the perspective that states that the impact of gender difference and the significance of gender differences are most visible during the period of war. Yet controversial arguments, and the dispersion of erudition across scholastic regulations, have covered understanding of the nature of war and its implementation on the aspects of gender. According to the writer the affect war cause on gender and the gender difference affect the nature of war is mutual and simultaneous. To venture this mode of circumstances the author explores the aspect of war in general throughout the history of human conflict and notes in a lively yet very authoritative manner that almost always women were excluded from direct combat situation. The write even indicates that this has been the general norm and it is applicable for all race and culture. However the author did mention and evaluated the incidents where the women fought in direct battlefield with much success. In the same context the author also mentions the nature of male complexity in the parameters of social behaviors cause mainly due to secretion of testosterone. This part is a very interesting topic as it looks upon the basic aspects of the concepts relating to the construction of femininity and masculinity under the parameters of war and particularly the First World War. To explain the issue the author illustrates the book into seven broad chapters that deals various aspects of war and the subsequent affects on women in general. The first chapter is A Puzzle: The Cross-Cultural Consistency of Gender Roles in War where the homogenous nature of women’s position is discussed in the light of war. The second chapter is named Women Warriors: The Historical Record of Female Combatants where the role of active participation is noted. The third chapter is Bodies: The Biology of Individual Gender where the author looks into the details of the differences between the sexes. The fourth chapter seeks the social position of women and it named Groups: Bonding, Hierarchy, and Social Identity. The fifth chapter deals with the representation of war as a means of construction of male identity and thus it is named Heroes: The Making of Militarized Masculinity. The sixth chapter is named Conquests: Sex, Rape, and Exploitation in Wartime and it looks into the brutal aspects of male dominance during war and thus reveals the detrimental affects that war causes in the ramification of the women. The last chapter concludes the entire scenario and tries to venture into the connection of women and war and thus it is named Reflections: The Mutuality of Gender and War. It should be mentioned that according to Goldstein the First World War included greater participation of women than before predominantly as nurses. However she points out that it is not natural for a human being to kill but during the First World War it was found that women along with men were forced to commit this act and according to the author this was a direct affect of the War. To prove the points the author presents a number of illustrations that includes drawings, graphics, photographs and related materials from numerous scholarly texts that include diverse academic disciplines. This book by Goldstein is a unique approach in the context of content and approach and it could well be stated that it is a fascinating book to read apart from being a book on a distinct issue that reflect much about the position of women during the WWI. (Goldstein, 2001) The article by Margaret H. Darrow titled French Volunteer Nursing and the Myth of War Experience in WWI is a true text to conclude this entire paper. This is because this article emphasizes on the aspects of the First World War and the involvement of women, particularly female nurses in it. Though it predominantly describes the details of women of France it is nevertheless reveals the position of women during the First World War and particularly about the nurses unlike Goldstein who presents the total perspective and the relation between woman and war. Darrow mentions that women were very much involved in the First World War than previous battles but it was mostly indirect in nature. She mentions that the women joined the jobs that were left behind by their men and even took active participation ministry of military affairs but maximum and direct involvement of the women in the First World War was as nurse. The author clearly mentions this and emphasize that the position of the women at this war was almost equivalent and important as that of the male doctors and it could be further stated that a huge amount of inspirations were drawn from the dedication to the service by the female nurse during the First World War. This is the most important point to be mentioned and this is what makes the involving of the female nurses relevant in the context of the First World War. (Darrow, 1996) In conclusion it should be stated that the being a part of a noble profession it was the opportunity for the female nurses of the First World War to gain importance to their community and help substantially to the ultimate cause of the purpose. It is true that they were often treated badly or were not given their dues for their hard works but if we take into consideration the basic position of women in the society or the importance that they enjoyed before the First World War it could be a well placed statement that the First World War provided a respected position for the female nurses in the cantonment and in the society as well.